[Specialized vitamin-mineral supplements for persons in extreme conditions]

Abstract

Monitoring the actual nutrition of various groups of the population of the Russian Federation indicates the presence of pronounced deficiencies of essential micronutrients, and above all vitamins and biologically active compounds. Deficiency of many micronutrients is a risk factor for the development of a number of conditions (anxiety, depression, etc.) and non-communicable diseases (cardiovascular, cognitive and neuromuscular disorders). It reduces the effectiveness of the treatment of injuries and wounds, and also leads to a negative effect on the antioxidant protection of the body and a more pronounced response to stress. To prevent long-term consequences, the population is primarily provided with psychological assistance, not always paying due attention to healthy nutrition. The aim of the research was to substantiate and develop vitamin-mineral supplements (VMS) for special purposes to restore impaired functions in various population groups in extreme situations, including those located in the zones of a special military operation. Material and methods. A review of the literature on the problem in recent years was carried out using the databases of the RSCI, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, PubMed by the keywords "B vitamins", "vitamin-mineral supplement", "military personnel", "mood", "efficiency", "depression", "refugees", «multivitamin», «conflict», "efficiency". Results. In an emergency situation, under conditions of high physiological (physical and neuropsychiatric) stress, the requirements in micronutrients increase. An inverse association between micronutrient status and the development of symptoms of depression, sleep disturbance has been found. The analysis of the data on the administration of VMS with different composition in the nutrition of the population and law enforcement officers showed the effectiveness of its intake for all persons in the zone of military conflicts. At the same time, VMS should contain a complete set of vitamins, in doses for B vitamins 200-300% of the recommended daily intake (RDI), vitamin D and other vitamins in a dose of 100%, magnesium, zinc, iodine, iron - in doses up to 50% of RDI. The administration of such VMS for 1-6 months provides an increase in blood serum vitamin level and antioxidant activity, leads to an improvement in functional adaptation and military professional performance, increases self-esteem of health, reduces symptoms of stress and anxiety, improves the mood. Conclusion. The expediency of including VMS for special purposes in the nutrition of both military personnel and the entire population in the zone of military conflict has been proved. Enrichment of the diet with micronutrients is a reliable non-drug prevention of health disorders caused by stress in emergency.

Keywords: correction of micronutrient deficiencies; efficiency; military personnel; stress; vitamin-mineral supplements; vitamins.