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. 2023 Jan 17;23(1):22.
doi: 10.1186/s12890-023-02309-7.

A retrospective study regarding the influence of COVID-19 disease on asthma

Ioana Adriana Muntean  1 , Polliana Mihaela Leru  2 , Irena Pintea  1 , Ioana Corina Bocsan  3 , Carmen Teodora Dobrican  1 , Diana Deleanu  1
Affiliations

A retrospective study regarding the influence of COVID-19 disease on asthma

Ioana Adriana Muntean et al. BMC Pulm Med. .

Abstract

Background: During the Covid-19 pandemic patients suffering from asthma raised many concerns regarding the outcome ofthe impact of COVID-19 disease on their preexisting condition. The 2021 GINA report indicates that people with asthma do not appear to be at increased risk of a severe form of COVID-19.

Method: This study is a retrospective study of patients (n = 163) median age = 27.8 years, M:F = 1:1.26, with asthma evaluated using ACT (asthma control test) and VAS (visual analog scale) before and after COVID-19 disease. An ACT score over 20 points placed patients in the controlled asthma group.

Results: The overall evaluation for COVID-19 in our asthma patients revealed that 22.7% of the studied group had the COVID-19 disease (21.5% in the controlled asthma group and 24.5% in uncontrolled asthma group). Asthma disease history was longer in the uncontroled asthma group (128 ± 96.8 months vs. 296 ± 59.7 months, p = 0.05). Asthma treatment was conducted according to the GINA guideline, and 18.4% (30 pts) of the patients were on allergen immunotherapy treatment. Significantly more uncontrolled patients were significantly more in Step 1 and 5 of treatment (p = 0.05 and p = 0.03). During the COVID-19 pandemic, patients in the GINA step 5 of treatment experienced a worsening of asthma, often twice as severe as compared to patients with asthma in GINA step 1-4. In these patients, even mild COVID-19 disease led to worsened asthma symptoms, while severe COVID-19 led to a severe asthma impairment measured by ACT score (p = 0.03) and VAS scale (p = 0.02), with increased oral corticosteroids consumption.

Conclusion: Maintaining optimal asthma control should be able to reduce risk of severe outcomes after COVID-19 disease. Communication via phone with the specialist involved in their asthma care was very comforting for patients, thus confirming the necessity to include phone calls, smart phone's application or online evaluations and counseling in long-term care of chronic diseases.

Keywords: Asthma; COVID-19 pandemic; Chronic diseases; Long-term care; SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Pharmacological treatment use for asthmatic patients according to GINA guideline. x-axis (%): number of patients on mentioned type of medication; y-axis (type of medication): (1) as needed ICS and LABA/SABA, (2) ICS low-dose or montelukast, (3) ICS low-dose and LABA, (4) ICS medium-dose and LABA, (5) ICS high-dose and LABA, (6) ICS high-dose and LABA and LAMA, (7) ICS high-dose and omalizumab, (8) ICS high-dose and benralizumab
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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