Fertility intention among married women in Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis of Ethiopian demographic health survey 2016

Abstract

Background: Fertility intention is the central aspect of countries which determine their population demography. Therefore, proportion and factors associated with fertility intention should be studied at different level of community for designing of appropriate policies, strategies, and programs. Despite its importance, information is scarce about proportion and predictors of fertility intention among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia, in 2016.

Methods: A secondary data analysis was done on 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey/EDHS/ in this study. A total of 1423 fecund, married, and sexually active women were included this study. Multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression model was done to show association between fertility desire and explanatory variables. Adjusted Odds Ratio with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was computed to assess the strength and significance of association.

Results: Prevalence of fertility intention was 63.5% (95%CI:62.2%,64.8%) in Ethiopia, in 2016. The response rate of this study was 100%. The odd of fertility desire was higher among women of age 20-34 years (AOR=2.5,95%CI:1.5,4.0), women of age 35-49 years (AOR= 9,95%CI:12.2,45.4), Muslim followers (AOR=5.4,95%CI:3.6,7.9), other religions followers (AOR= 1.8,95%CI:1.2,3.0), women who did not want to use modern contraceptive (AOR=3.1,95%CI:2.2,4.3). However, the likelihood of fertility intention was low among women who owned mobile phone (AOR=0.6,95%CI:0.4,0.87), and women with more than one partner (AOR=0.5,95%CI:0.41,0.8). At the community level factors like: Community education status (AOR= 1.67,95%CI:1.26,2.2) and region were factors strongly linked to fertility intention.

Conclusions: In this study, prevalence of fertility desire was higher compared to other countries. Participants age, religion, intention to use modern contraceptive, own mobile, and having multiple partners were individual factors associated with fertility preference. Furthermore, educational status and region were community factor associated significantly with intention of fertility. Hence, expansion of mobile networking and family planning messages through mobile. Furthermore, religious teaching should be enhanced to control family size among followers. Finally, the Ethiopian government should also work strongly to improve community education.

Fig. 1

Schematic presentation of sampling strategy of intention of modern contraceptive among married women in Ethiopia (EDHS 2016)