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Multicenter Study
. 2023 Jan 18;24(1):19.
doi: 10.1186/s12931-023-02317-5.

Functional respiratory impairment and related factors in patients with interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF): Multicenter study from NEREA registry

Maria Asuncion Nieto  1   2 , Olga Sanchez-Pernaute  3 , Cristina Vadillo  4 , Maria Jesus Rodriguez-Nieto  5   6 , Fredeswinda Romero-Bueno  3 , Belen López-Muñiz  7 , Laura Cebrian  8 , Maria Teresa Rio-Ramirez  9 , Rosalia Laporta  10 , Gema Bonilla  11 , Tatiana Cobo  12 , Leticia Leon  13   14 , Lydia Abasolo  15 ; NEREA Group
Collaborators, Affiliations
Multicenter Study

Functional respiratory impairment and related factors in patients with interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF): Multicenter study from NEREA registry

Maria Asuncion Nieto et al. Respir Res. .

Abstract

Background: The objective of the present study is to describe the characteristics of interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) patients, to assess the incidence rate of functional respiratory impairment over time and to evaluate the influence of therapeutic alternatives on the prognosis of these patients.

Methods: A longitudinal observational multicenter study was performed (NEREA registry). It was carried out by a multidisciplinary team in seven Hospitals of Madrid. Patients were included from IPAF diagnosis.

Main outcome: poor prognosis as functional respiratory impairment (relative decline in FVC % defined as ≥ 5% every 6 months). Covariates: therapy, sociodemographic, clinical, radiological patterns, laboratory and functional tests.

Statistics: Survival techniques were used to estimate IR per 100 patients-semester with their 95% confidence interval [CI]. The influence of covariates in prognosis were analyzed through cox multivariate regression models (hazard ratio (HR) and [CI]).

Results: 79 IPAF were included, with a mean and a maximum follow-up of 3.17 and 12 years respectively. Along the study, 77.2% received treatment (52 glucocorticoids, 25 mycophenolate, 21 azathioprine, 15 rituximab and 11 antifibrotics). IR was 23.9 [19.9-28.8], and 50% of IPAF developed functional respiratory impairment after 16 months from its diagnosis. Multivariate analysis: usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) had poorer prognosis compared to non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) (p = 0.001). In NSIP, positive ANA, increased the risk of poor prognosis. In UIP, glucocorticoids (HR: 0.53 [0.34-0.83]), age (HR: 1.04 [1.01-1.07]), and Ro-antibodies (HR: 0.36 [0.19-0.65]) influenced the prognosis.

Conclusions: IPAF have functional impairment during the first years of disease. Factors predicting deterioration differ between radiographic patterns. Our real-life study suggests the potential benefit of particular therapies in IPAF.

Keywords: Interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features; Observational study; Prognosis; Risk factors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Type of drugs received in IPAF patients
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Kaplan–Meier survival estimate curve. Pulmonary functional impairment global and by radiographic patterns
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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