Understanding the Challenges of HPV-Based Cervical Screening: Development and Validation of HPV Testing and Self-Sampling Attitudes and Beliefs Scales

Ovidiu Tatar^{1

2}, Ben Haward¹, Patricia Zhu¹, Gabrielle Griffin-Mathieu¹, Samara Perez^{1

3

4}, Emily McBride⁵, Aisha K Lofters^{6

7}, Laurie W Smith⁸, Marie-Hélène Mayrand^{2

9}, Ellen M Daley¹⁰, Julia M L Brotherton^{11

12}, Gregory D Zimet¹³, Zeev Rosberger^{1

4

14}

Affiliations

¹ Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (LDI), Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
² Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
³ Cedars Cancer Centre, McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
⁴ Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3T2, Canada.
⁵ Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK.
⁶ Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada.
⁷ Department of Family and Community Medicine, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON M5S 1B3, Canada.
⁸ BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1G1, Canada.
⁹ Département d'Obstétrique-Gynécologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
¹⁰ College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
¹¹ Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VI 3010, Australia.
¹² Population Health, Australian Centre for the Prevention of Cervical Cancer, Melbourne, VI 3053, Australia.
¹³ School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
¹⁴ Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada.

PMID: 36661742
PMCID: PMC9858121
DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30010093

Understanding the Challenges of HPV-Based Cervical Screening: Development and Validation of HPV Testing and Self-Sampling Attitudes and Beliefs Scales

Ovidiu Tatar et al. Curr Oncol. 2023.

. 2023 Jan 15;30(1):1206-1219.

doi: 10.3390/curroncol30010093.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (LDI), Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
² Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
³ Cedars Cancer Centre, McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
⁴ Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3T2, Canada.
⁵ Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK.
⁶ Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada.
⁷ Department of Family and Community Medicine, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON M5S 1B3, Canada.
⁸ BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1G1, Canada.
⁹ Département d'Obstétrique-Gynécologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
¹⁰ College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
¹¹ Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VI 3010, Australia.
¹² Population Health, Australian Centre for the Prevention of Cervical Cancer, Melbourne, VI 3053, Australia.
¹³ School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
¹⁴ Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada.

PMID: 36661742
PMCID: PMC9858121
DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30010093

Abstract

The disrupted introduction of the HPV-based cervical screening program in several jurisdictions has demonstrated that the attitudes and beliefs of screening-eligible persons are critically implicated in the success of program implementation (including the use of self-sampling). As no up-to-date and validated measures exist measuring attitudes and beliefs towards HPV testing and self-sampling, this study aimed to develop and validate two scales measuring these factors. In October-November 2021, cervical screening-eligible Canadians participated in a web-based survey. In total, 44 items related to HPV testing and 13 items related to HPV self-sampling attitudes and beliefs were included in the survey. For both scales, the optimal number of factors was identified using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and parallel analysis. Item Response Theory (IRT) was applied within each factor to select items. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to assess model fit. After data cleaning, 1027 responses were analyzed. The HPV Testing Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (HTABS) had four factors, and twenty-two items were retained after item reduction. The HPV Self-sampling Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (HSABS) had two factors and seven items were retained. CFA showed a good model fit for both final scales. The developed scales will be a valuable resource to examine attitudes and beliefs in anticipation of, and to evaluate, HPV test-based cervical screening.

Keywords: HPV self-sampling; HPV testing; attitudes and beliefs; cervical screening; scale development; women’s health.

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Conflict of interest statement

E.M.D has served as an advisory board member at Merck. G.D.Z has served as a consultant and advisory board member at Merck and as an advisory board member at Moderna and Pfizer. He has also received investigator-initiated research funding from Merck, which was administered through Indiana University.

References

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Understanding the Challenges of HPV-Based Cervical Screening: Development and Validation of HPV Testing and Self-Sampling Attitudes and Beliefs Scales

Affiliations

Understanding the Challenges of HPV-Based Cervical Screening: Development and Validation of HPV Testing and Self-Sampling Attitudes and Beliefs Scales

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

References

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Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

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Medical

Research Materials