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Observational Study
. 2023 Jan 20;18(1):e0279713.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279713. eCollection 2023.

Clinical characteristics and mortality risk among critically ill patients with COVID-19 owing to the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant in Vietnam: A retrospective observational study

Thanh Van Do  1 , Toshie Manabe  2   3 , Giap Van Vu  4   5 , Vuong Minh Nong  1 , Yuji Fujikura  6   7 , Dung Phan  8 , Thach The Pham  9 , Cuong Duy Do  1 , Tra Thu Doan  1 , Nguyen Trung Nguyen  10 , Thai Quoc Nguyen  1 , Thanh Van Dong  11 , Chinh Quoc Luong  12   13   14 , Hiroki Manabe  15 , Dan Kambayashi  2   16 , Anh Viet Hoang  17 , Nhan Van Vu  17 , Giang Kim Trinh  17 , Son Ngoc Do  13   14   18 , Takeshi Kamiya  2 , Hirotaka Ohara  2   3 , Chi Van Nguyen  12   13 , Tuan Quoc Dang  13   18 , Koichiro Kudo  19   20 , Co Xuan Dao  13   14   18
Affiliations
Observational Study

Clinical characteristics and mortality risk among critically ill patients with COVID-19 owing to the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant in Vietnam: A retrospective observational study

Thanh Van Do et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant caused a large number of COVID-19 cases in many countries, including Vietnam. Understanding mortality risk factors is crucial for the clinical management of severe COVID-19.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study at an intensive care center in Ho Chi Minh City that urgently built by Bach Mai Hospital during the COVID-19 outbreak in Vietnam, when the Delta variant predominated. Participants were laboratory-confirmed patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, admitted in August 2021. Data on patients' demographic and clinical characteristics, radiographic and laboratory findings, treatment, and clinical time course were compared between survivors and non-survivors. Risk factors to mortality were assessed using logistic regression.

Results: Among 504 eligible COVID-19 patients, case fatality was 52.2%. Unvaccinated patients accounted for 61.2% of non-survivors and 43.6% of survivors (p < 0.001). The time from onset to hospital admission was 8 days in non-survivors and 7 days in survivors (p = 0.004). Among non-survivors, 90.2% developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Oxygen therapy was administered for all patients, but antiviral agent was given to 51.7% of non-survivors. 54.2% of non-survivors tested positive for the bacterial infection using blood culture. The risk factors for mortality were diabetes mellitus, respiration rate, oxygen saturation, vaccination status, time from onset to admission, and older age.

Conclusions: Critical patients with COVID-19 owing to the Delta variant in Vietnam had delayed hospital admission, leading to ARDS and death. Early availability of vaccines and preventing bacterial infections are crucial for reducing mortality of COVID-19, especially in low- and middle-income countries.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1
Kaplan–Meier curves showing the number of days from hospital admission to hospital discharge (a.) and the number of days from illness onset to hospital discharge (b.).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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Publication types

Supplementary concepts