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. 2023 Jan 7;15(1):53.
doi: 10.3390/toxins15010053.

Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens XJ-BV2007 on Growth of Alternaria alternata and Production of Tenuazonic Acid

Qinlan Jia  1   2 , Yingying Fan  2 , Shuaishuai Duan  1   2 , Qiaomei Qin  1   2 , Yu Ding  3 , Min Yang  3 , Yan Wang  2 , Fengjuan Liu  1   2 , Cheng Wang  1   2
Affiliations

Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens XJ-BV2007 on Growth of Alternaria alternata and Production of Tenuazonic Acid

Qinlan Jia et al. Toxins (Basel). .

Abstract

Large amounts of processing tomato are grown in Xinjiang, China. Tomato black spot disease, caused by Alternaria spp., and the produced alternaria toxins in tomato products are posing risks to human health. In this study, we isolated a rhizospheric bacterium, XJ-BV2007, from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fields, which we identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. We found that this bacterium has a strong antagonistic effect against Alternaria alternata and reduces the accumulation of alternaria toxins in tomatoes. According to the antifungal activity of the bacteria-free filtrate, we revealed that B. amyloliquefaciens XJ-BV2007 suppresses A. alternata by the production of antifungal metabolites. Combining semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, we employed UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis and the Oxford cup experiment to find that fengycin plays an important role in inhibiting A. alternata. This paper firstly reported that B. amyloliquefaciens efficiently controls tomato black spot disease and mycotoxins caused by A. alternata. B. amyloliquefaciens XJ-BV2007 may provide an alternative biocontrol strain for the prevention of tomato black spot disease.

Keywords: Alternaria alternata; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; fengycin; lipopeptide; tenuazonic acid; tomato.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Screening and identification of antagonistic bacteria. (a) Antifungal activity of ten antagonistic bacteria against A. alternata isolate H10. (b) Antifungal activity of XJ-BV2007 strain against A. alternata isolate H10 on NA plate. (c) Phylogenetic tree of XJ-BV2007 based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The numbers above the branches are confidence limits expressed as percentages.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Inhibition of TeA accumulation in different experimental groups: NA medium (a), tomato (b), and PDB medium (c). Over the line connecting bars represents a percentage reduction in TeA concentration. Asterisks over bars represent significant differences between treatments and CK (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Antifungal potential of B. amyloliquefaciens XJ-BV2007 against A. alternata on tomato. (a) The condition of tomato black spot disease in the experimental group and CK group at 8 days. (b) The lesion diameter in the experimental group and CK group during 8 days of storage. Asterisks over bars represent significant differences between treatments and CK (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Antifungal activity of bacteria-free filtrate and bacterial suspension of B. amyloliquefaciens XJ-BV2007 on PDB liquid medium against A. alternata.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Extraction of antifungal compounds (a) and Oxford Cup experiment of different extracts (b).
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