Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
• ² Institute of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
• ³ Yong-Hua Gao, Hui-Zhen Zheng, Hai-Wen Lu, Yuan-Yuan Li and Yun Feng contributed equally to this work.
• ⁴ Department of Respiratory Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
• ⁵ Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
• ⁶ Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
• ⁷ Jie-Ming Qu and Jin-Fu Xu contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work.
• ⁸ Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China jfxu@tongji.edu.cn.