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Review
. 2023 Jan 4;15(2):339.
doi: 10.3390/cancers15020339.

Isolated Pancreatic Metastases of Renal Cell Carcinoma-Clinical Particularities and Seed and Soil Hypothesis

Franz Sellner  1 , Sabine Thalhammer  1 , Martin Klimpfinger  2
Affiliations
Review

Isolated Pancreatic Metastases of Renal Cell Carcinoma-Clinical Particularities and Seed and Soil Hypothesis

Franz Sellner et al. Cancers (Basel). .

Abstract

A meta-analysis of 1470 isolated pancreatic metastases of renal cell carcinoma revealed, that, in addition to the unusual exclusive occurrence of pancreatic metastases and the favourable treatment results, the isPMRCC is characterised by further peculiarities of the clinical course: The lack of prognostic significance of volume and growth rate dependent risk factors and the independence of treatment results from standard or local resections. As an explanation for all these peculiarities, according to today's knowledge, a strong acting seed and soil mechanism can serve, which allows embolized tumour cells to grow to metastases only in the pancreas, and prevents them definitively or for years in all other organs. The good prognosis affects not only isolated PM, but also multi-organ metastases of the RCC, in which the additional occurrence of PM is also associated with a better prognosis. Genetic studies revealed specific changes in cases of PM of RCC: Lack of loss of 9p21.3 and 14q31.2, which are otherwise specific gene mutations at the onset of generalization, a low weight genome instability index, i.e., high genetic stability, and a low rate of PAB1 and a high rate of BPRM1 alterations, which signal a more favourable course. The cause of pancreatic organotropism in isPMRCC is still unclear, so only those factors that have been identified as promoting organotropism in other, more frequent tumour entities can be presented: Formation of the pre-metastatic niche, chemokine receptor-ligand mechanism, ability to metabolic adaptation, and immune surveillance.

Keywords: pancreatic metastasis; renal cell carcinoma; risk-factors; seed and soil mechanism.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Search and selection strategy.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Surgical treatment vs. non-treatment group; Kaplan-Meier survival curves (p = 0.013).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Solitary vs. multiple isPMRCC; Kaplan-Meier survival curves (p = 0.162).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Synchronous vs. metachronous isPMRCC; Kaplan-Meier survival curves (p = 0.757).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Standard vs. local resections in isPMRCC; Kaplan-Meier survival curves (p = 0.252).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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