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Review
. 2023 Jan 9;13(2):243.
doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13020243.

Updates on HPV Vaccination

Ojone Illah  1 , Adeola Olaitan  1
Affiliations
Review

Updates on HPV Vaccination

Ojone Illah et al. Diagnostics (Basel). .

Abstract

Cervical cancer still poses a significant global challenge. Developed countries have mitigated this challenge by the introduction of structured screening programmes and, more recently, the HPV vaccine. Countries that have successfully introduced national HPV vaccination programmes are on course for cervical cancer elimination in a few decades. In developing countries that lack structured screening and HPV vaccination programmes, cervical cancer remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The HPV vaccine is key to addressing the disproportionate distribution of cervical cancer incidence, with much to be gained from increasing vaccine coverage and uptake globally. This review covers the history and science of the HPV vaccine, its efficacy, effectiveness and safety, and some of the considerations and challenges posed to the achievement of global HPV vaccination coverage and the consequent elimination of cervical cancer.

Keywords: HPV; HPV vaccine; cervical cancer; human papillomavirus.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Prevalence of HPV worldwide by age (reproduced with permission from de Sanjosé et al. [11]).
Figure 2
Figure 2
HPV infective cycle and cervical carcinogenesis (Source: authors).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Cumulative incidence of cervical cancer and CIN3 using data from England showing a reduced incidence of cervical cancer and CIN3 in vaccinated cohorts (reproduced with permission from Falcaro et al. [76]) (A), schematic representation of birth cohorts [76] * Vaccine coverages include (where data are available) mop-up vaccinations (i.e. when females are vaccinated in a later year than the one in which they were first offered vaccination [76] (B), Cumulative incidence rates of invasive cervical cancer and CIN3 by birth cohort [76].
Figure 4
Figure 4
Incidence of HPV-16 and HPV-18 (A) and HPV-31, HPV-33 and HPV-45 (B), after one, two, three or no doses of the quadrivalent vaccine, showing similar HPV infection incidence in the one-, two- and three-dose cohorts (reproduced with permission from Basu et al. [84]).
Figure 5
Figure 5
WHO member states with HPV vaccination in national immunisation schedule. (Reproduced with permission from Bruni et al. [111]).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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