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. 2023 Jan 8;12(2):296.
doi: 10.3390/foods12020296.

Effect of Piperine on Saltiness Perception

Rachael Moss  1 , Cassie Fisher  1 , Mackenzie Gorman  1 , Sophie Knowles  1 , Jeanne LeBlanc  1 , Christopher Ritchie  1 , Kaelyn Schindell  1 , Laurel Ettinger  1 , Matthew B McSweeney  1
Affiliations

Effect of Piperine on Saltiness Perception

Rachael Moss et al. Foods. .

Abstract

Chemical irritants, like piperine, have the potential to increase human perception of tastes and odours, including saltiness. This cross-modal interaction could help the food industry develop new salt-reduced food products that maintain their salty taste. The objective of this study was: firstly, to determine the detection threshold of piperine (n = 72), secondly to evaluate piperine's influence on saltiness perception in model solutions (n = 78), and lastly to identify piperine's effect on sensory perception of low sodium soup using temporal check-all-that-apply (TCATA; n = 75). The group mean of the individual threshold was 0.55 ± 0.15 ppm. Piperine increased the saltiness perception of the model solutions, but it also increased the bitterness and decreased the sweetness of the solutions. The piperine significantly increased the saltiness intensity of the soups (evaluated using a generalized labelled magnitude), but during the TCATA task, the salty attribute was selected less for the soup with piperine than the control (based on the average proportion of selection). The TCATA indicated that the peppery attribute dominated the participants' perception of the soup with piperine. More studies are needed to assess piperine's cross-modal interactions.

Keywords: chemesthesis; chemical irritants; cross-modal interactions; salt reduction; threshold testing.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
TCATA curves obtained with consumers for the control and the soup with piperine.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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