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. 2023 Jan 3;13(1):135.
doi: 10.3390/life13010135.

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Response to Cadmium Stress: Morpho-Physiological Traits and Mineral Concentrations

Murat Tunçtürk  1 , Younes Rezaee Danesh  2 , Rüveyde Tunçtürk  1 , Erol Oral  1 , Solmaz Najafi  1 , Lütfi Nohutçu  1 , Arshad Jalal  3 , Carlos Eduardo da Silva Oliveira  3 , Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira Filho  3
Affiliations

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Response to Cadmium Stress: Morpho-Physiological Traits and Mineral Concentrations

Murat Tunçtürk et al. Life (Basel). .

Abstract

Cadmium is a widely distributed heavy metal in agricultural soils that affects plant growth and productivity. In this context, the current study investigated the effects of different cadmium (Cd) doses (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg L-1 of CdSO4) on the growth and physiological attributes of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) including plant height (cm), root length (cm), fresh weight (g) of root, stem, and leaves, leaf number, macro and micro-nutrients, Se, and heavy metal (Cd, Cr, and Pb) content. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replicates. The results showed that Cd stress significantly negatively affected all growth indices, macro- and micro-nutrients, and heavy metal content. In addition, it increased the MDA and APX activities. The highest amounts of Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, K, Na, Cd, Cr, and Cu were determined in plant roots, while the highest values of Ca and Mg were detected in plant stem tissues. High Cd doses decreased the content of Ca, K, Mg, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn in safflower plant tissues by 45.47%, 39.33%, 79.28%, 68.21%, 37.06%, 66.67%, 45.62%, 50.38%, 54.37%, 33.33% and 65.87%, respectively, as compared to the control treatments.

Keywords: ascorbate peroxidase; cadmium; growth indices; malondialdehyde; mineral content; safflower.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The effect of cadmium (Cd) doses on the biochemical parameters of safflower. The bars indicated with the same letters were not significantly different from each other on the basis of the Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) at p < 0.05. APX: Ascorbate peroxidases, MDA: Malondialdehyde.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effects of different cadmium concentrations on average calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) content of safflower. The similar letters above the bars do not show statistical difference at p < 0.05 based on the Duncan multiple range test (DMRT).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effects of different cadmium doses on average cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) content of safflower. The similar letters above the bars show no statistical difference at p < 0.05 on the basis of the Duncan multiple range test (DMRT).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effects of different cadmium concentrations on average manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) content of safflower. The similar letters above the bars show no statistical difference at p < 0.05 on the basis of the Duncan multiple range test (DMRT).
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