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. 2023 Jan 3;13(1):136.
doi: 10.3390/life13010136.

Comprehensive Metabolite Profiling of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) Leaf Oil Using LC-HR/MS, GC/MS, and GC-FID: Determination of Antiglaucoma, Antioxidant, Anticholinergic, and Antidiabetic Profiles

Muzaffer Mutlu  1 , Zeynebe Bingol  2 , Eda Mehtap Uc  3 , Ekrem Köksal  4 , Ahmet C Goren  5 , Saleh H Alwasel  6 , İlhami Gulcin  3
Affiliations

Comprehensive Metabolite Profiling of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) Leaf Oil Using LC-HR/MS, GC/MS, and GC-FID: Determination of Antiglaucoma, Antioxidant, Anticholinergic, and Antidiabetic Profiles

Muzaffer Mutlu et al. Life (Basel). .

Abstract

In this study, for the first time, the antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of the essential oil from cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) leaves were evaluated and investigated using various bioanalytical methods. In addition, the inhibitory effects of cinnamon oil on carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and α-amylase, which are associated with various metabolic diseases, were determined. Further, the phenolic contents of the essential oil were determined using LC-HRMS chromatography. Twenty-seven phenolic molecules were detected in cinnamon oil. Moreover, the amount and chemical profile of the essential oils present in cinnamon oil was determined using GC/MS and GC-FID analyses. (E)-cinnamaldehyde (72.98%), benzyl benzoate (4.01%), and trans-Cinnamyl acetate (3.36%) were the most common essential oils in cinnamon leaf oil. The radical scavenging activities of cinnamon oil were investigated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH•), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and (ABTS•+) bioanalytical scavenging methods, which revealed its strong radical scavenging abilities (DPPH•, IC50: 4.78 μg/mL; and ABTS•+, IC50: 5.21 μg/mL). Similarly, the reducing capacities for iron (Fe3+), copper (Cu2+), and Fe3+-2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-S-triazine (TPTZ) were investigated. Cinnamon oil also exhibited highly effective inhibition against hCA II (IC50: 243.24 μg/mL), AChE (IC50: 16.03 μg/mL), and α-amylase (IC50: 7.54μg/mL). This multidisciplinary study will be useful and pave the way for further studies for the determination of antioxidant properties and enzyme inhibition profiles of medically and industrially important plants and their oils.

Keywords: Cinnamomum zeylanicum; GCMS; LC-HRMS; antioxidant activity; cinnamon oil; enzyme inhibition; polyphenol.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Compounds and their % ratios determined using GCMS analysis of the oil sample obtained from cinnamon (C. zeylanicum) leaf.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Fe3+, Cu2+, and Fe3+-TPTZ reducing ability of cinnamon (C. zeylanicum) leaf oil and standards.
Figure 3
Figure 3
1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical (DPPH•) scavenging and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS•+) scavenging effects of cinnamon (C. zeylanicum) leaf oil and standards.
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