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. 2023 Jan 3;59(1):107.
doi: 10.3390/medicina59010107.

Associations between Vitamin D Deficiency and Carbohydrate Intake and Dietary Factors in Taiwanese Pregnant Women

Chao-Hsu Lin  1   2   3 , Pei-Shun Lin  4   5 , Meei-Shyuan Lee  6 , Chien-Yu Lin  1   3 , Yi-Hsiang Sung  1 , Sung-Tse Li  1 , Shun-Long Weng  7 , Shing-Jyh Chang  7 , Hung-Chang Lee  8 , Yann-Jinn Lee  3   8   9   10   11 , Hung-Yang Chang  3   8 , Chih-Sheng Lin  2   12
Affiliations

Associations between Vitamin D Deficiency and Carbohydrate Intake and Dietary Factors in Taiwanese Pregnant Women

Chao-Hsu Lin et al. Medicina (Kaunas). .

Abstract

This cross-sectional observation study investigated the vitamin D (VD) status in Taiwanese pregnant women and the effects of VD supplementation and macronutrient intake on serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25[OH]D) level. Data on VD intake, daily sunlight exposure, and carbohydrate intake were obtained from 125 pregnant women at 30−37 weeks’ gestation. Serum 25[OH]D level was measured before delivery in all enrolled women; and the mean 25(OH)D level was 43 nmol/L or 17.2 ng/mL. The 25(OH)D level was significantly correlated with total VD intake of pregnant women (r = 0.239; p = 0.007). The severe VD deficiency group (n = 16; mean of 25(OH)D level = 8.5 ng/mL) had significantly lower total VD intake and supplementation than the groups with VD deficiency (n = 69), insufficiency (n = 32), and sufficiency (n = 8). Those with ≥400 IU/day total VD intake (including VD from food and supplementation) had significantly higher 25(OH)D concentration than those with <400 IU/day total VD intake. Those with 400 IU/day VD supplementation could significantly increase serum 25(OH)D concentrations for pregnant women. Among 85 pregnant women with carbohydrate intake of ≥300 g/day, serum 25(OH)D levels were negatively correlated with carbohydrate intake (p = 0.031). In conclusion, VD deficiency was highly prevalent in Taiwanese pregnant women. VD supplementation was the most effective method for increasing 25(OH)D concentration in pregnant women. Higher carbohydrate intake might reduce 25(OH)D levels.

Keywords: carbohydrate; pregnant women; vitamin D; vitamin D supplementation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there are no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of this study. Altogether, 140 pregnant women were recruited; of these, 125 were enrolled and completed the study questionnaire.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Correlation between serum 25(OH)D level and total VD intake (n = 125).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Correlation between serum 25(OH)D level and amount of carbohydrate intake among pregnant women with ≥300 g/day carbohydrate intake (n = 85).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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