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Review
. 2022 Dec 26;13(1):40.
doi: 10.3390/metabo13010040.

Associations between Periodontitis, COVID-19, and Cardiometabolic Complications: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence

Giuseppe Mainas  1 , Luigi Nibali  1 , Mark Ide  1 , Wael Al Mahmeed  2 , Khalid Al-Rasadi  3 , Kamila Al-Alawi  4 , Maciej Banach  5   6   7 , Yajnavalka Banerjee  8 , Antonio Ceriello  9 , Mustafa Cesur  10 , Francesco Cosentino  11 , Alberto Firenze  12 , Massimo Galia  13 , Su-Yen Goh  14 , Andrej Janež  15 , Sanjay Kalra  16 , Nitin Kapoor  17   18 , Peter Kempler  19 , Nader Lessan  20 , Paulo Lotufo  21 , Nikolaos Papanas  22 , Ali A Rizvi  23 , Amirhossein Sahebkar  24   25   26 , Raul D Santos  27   28 , Anca P Stoian  29 , Peter P Toth  30 , Vijay Viswanathan  31 , Manfredi Rizzo  32 ; CArdiometabolic Panel of International Experts on Syndemic COVID-19 (CAPISCO)
Affiliations
Review

Associations between Periodontitis, COVID-19, and Cardiometabolic Complications: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence

Giuseppe Mainas et al. Metabolites. .

Abstract

Periodontitis is a microbially driven, host-mediated disease that leads to loss of periodontal attachment and resorption of bone. It is associated with the elevation of systemic inflammatory markers and with the presence of systemic comorbidities. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although the majority of patients have mild symptoms, others experience important complications that can lead to death. After the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, several investigations demonstrating the possible relationship between periodontitis and COVID-19 have been reported. In addition, both periodontal disease and COVID-19 seem to provoke and/or impair several cardiometabolic complications such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and neurological and neuropsychiatric complications. Therefore, due to the increasing number of investigations focusing on the periodontitis-COVID-19 relationship and considering the severe complications that such an association might cause, this review aims to summarize all existing emerging evidence regarding the link between the periodontitis-COVID-19 axis and consequent cardiometabolic impairments.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; comorbidity; non-communicable diseases; periodontal diseases; periodontitis; risk.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Illustration of the several mechanisms related to the association between periodontitis and COVID-19. NLRP3 inflammasone: nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasone; ARNT-like protein 1: aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1; IL: Interleukin; NOD-like receptor: nucleotide-binding and oligomineralization domain-like receptor.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Flowchart of the several perio-COVID pathways that might lead to cardiometabolic impairments.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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