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Review
. 2023 Jan 15;11(1):218.
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11010218.

TORC1 Signaling in Fungi: From Yeasts to Filamentous Fungi

Yuhua Wang  1 , Xi Zheng  1 , Guohong Li  1 , Xin Wang  1
Affiliations
Review

TORC1 Signaling in Fungi: From Yeasts to Filamentous Fungi

Yuhua Wang et al. Microorganisms. .

Abstract

Target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) is an important regulator of various signaling pathways. It can control cell growth and development by integrating multiple signals from amino acids, glucose, phosphate, growth factors, pressure, oxidation, and so on. In recent years, it has been reported that TORC1 is of great significance in regulating cytotoxicity, morphology, protein synthesis and degradation, nutrient absorption, and metabolism. In this review, we mainly discuss the upstream and downstream signaling pathways of TORC1 to reveal its role in fungi.

Keywords: Rag-GTPase; TORC1; amino acids; filamentous fungi; growth; metabolism; yeast.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Amino acids regulate TORC1 activity in S. cerevisiae. TORC1 activation stimulated by amino acids mainly depends on the stimulation state of Gtrs, and the stimulation state of Gtrs is closely regulated by GEF and GAP proteins. LeuRS has also been reported to play a role in TORC1 activation. In addition, glutamine-induced TORC1 activation need the mediation of Pib2.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Glucose regulates TORC1 activity in S. cerevisiae. Under condition of glucose sufficiency, glucose activates TORC1 in both a Gtrs-dependent and -independent manner. Under condition of glucose deficiency, glucose can inhibit TORC1 activity via Snf1.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Phosphate regulates TORC1 activity in S. cerevisiae. In the S. cerevisiae model, Pho84 can sense the changes of intracellular phosphate concentrations to regulate Gtr1-mediated TORC1 activation; in turn, TORC1 also regulates the PHO regulon.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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