Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2023 Jan 16;28(2):887.
doi: 10.3390/molecules28020887.

Major Phytochemicals: Recent Advances in Health Benefits and Extraction Method

Ashwani Kumar  1 , Nirmal P  2 , Mukul Kumar  2 , Anina Jose  2 , Vidisha Tomer  3 , Emel Oz  4 , Charalampos Proestos  5 , Maomao Zeng  6   7 , Tahra Elobeid  8 , Sneha K  2 , Fatih Oz  4
Affiliations
Review

Major Phytochemicals: Recent Advances in Health Benefits and Extraction Method

Ashwani Kumar et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Recent scientific studies have established a relationship between the consumption of phytochemicals such as carotenoids, polyphenols, isoprenoids, phytosterols, saponins, dietary fibers, polysaccharides, etc., with health benefits such as prevention of diabetes, obesity, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, etc. This has led to the popularization of phytochemicals. Nowadays, foods containing phytochemicals as a constituent (functional foods) and the concentrated form of phytochemicals (nutraceuticals) are used as a preventive measure or cure for many diseases. The health benefits of these phytochemicals depend on their purity and structural stability. The yield, purity, and structural stability of extracted phytochemicals depend on the matrix in which the phytochemical is present, the method of extraction, the solvent used, the temperature, and the time of extraction.

Keywords: bioactive compounds; extraction methods; phytochemicals; solvents.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A diagrammatic representation of maceration extraction. (a) Sample and solvent mixed and kept for 7 days. (b) Straining of liquid and pressing the remaining marc. (c) Filtering out more clear liquid.
Figure 2
Figure 2
A diagrammatic representation of percolation extraction. (a) Sample immersed in solvent. (b) Sample placed in a sealed decanter for 4 h. (c) Filtering out using a percolator.
Figure 3
Figure 3
A diagrammatic representation of decoction extraction. (a) Sample placed in a capped glass tube, then a (b) water bath for 65–70 °C for 30 min to 2 h. (c) Filtration of the extract.
Figure 4
Figure 4
A diagrammatic representation of reflux extraction.
Figure 5
Figure 5
A diagrammatic representation of Soxhlet extraction.
Figure 6
Figure 6
A diagrammatic representation of pressurized liquid extraction.
Figure 7
Figure 7
A diagrammatic representation of microwave-assisted extraction.
Figure 8
Figure 8
A diagrammatic representation of ultrasound-assisted extraction.
Figure 9
Figure 9
A diagrammatic representation of pulsed electric field extraction.
Figure 10
Figure 10
A diagrammatic representation of enzyme-assisted extraction.
Figure 11
Figure 11
A diagrammatic representation of supercritical fluid extraction.
Figure 12
Figure 12
A diagrammatic representation of high hydrostatic pressure processing.
Figure 13
Figure 13
A diagrammatic representation of natural deep eutectic solvent extraction.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Sharma B.R., Kumar V., Gat Y., Kumar N., Parashar A., Pinakin D.J. Microbial maceration: A sustainable approach for phytochemical extraction. 3 Biotech. 2018;8:401. doi: 10.1007/s13205-018-1423-8. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Jaeger R., Cuny E. Terpenoids with special pharmacological significance: A review. Nat. Prod. Commun. 2016;11:1934578X1601100946. doi: 10.1177/1934578X1601100946. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Rowles J.L., 3rd, Erdman J.W., Jr. Carotenoids and their role in cancer prevention. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids. 2020;1865:158613. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158613. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Jiang Y., Chen L., Taylor R.N., Li C., Zhou X. Physiological and pathological implications of retinoid action in the endometrium. J. Endocrinol. 2018;236:R169–R188. doi: 10.1530/JOE-17-0544. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Cooperstone J.L., Schwartz S.J. Recent insights into health benefits of carotenoids. In: Carle R., Schweigget R.M., editors. Handbook on Natural Pigments in Food and Beverages. Woodhead Publishing; Cambridge, UK: 2016. pp. 473–497. - DOI

LinkOut - more resources