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. 2022 Dec 26;11(1):56.
doi: 10.3390/vaccines11010056.

Immunogenicity of BNT162b2, BBIBP-CorV, Gam-COVID-Vac and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccines Six Months after the Second Dose: A Longitudinal Prospective Study

Vladimir Petrović  1   2 , Vladimir Vuković  1   2 , Aleksandra Patić  2   3 , Miloš Marković  4 , Mioljub Ristić  1   2
Affiliations

Immunogenicity of BNT162b2, BBIBP-CorV, Gam-COVID-Vac and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccines Six Months after the Second Dose: A Longitudinal Prospective Study

Vladimir Petrović et al. Vaccines (Basel). .

Abstract

Many available SARS-CoV-2 vaccines demonstrated good humoral response, but studies directly comparing their immunogenicity in the general population are lacking. We evaluated the medium−term kinetics of anti-S SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (Abs) at one and six months after the second dose of BNT162b2, BBIBP-CorV, and Gam-COVID-Vac. Immunogenicity at six months was directly compared between BNT162b2, BBIBP-CorV, Gam-COVID-Vac, and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. Participants ≥ 20 years old from Novi Sad, Serbia, without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, were included. Anti S1/S2 IgG antibodies were measured using quantitative LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 assay. A total of 368 participants were included: 231 (62.77%) had sera collected at two time points. Two doses of BNT162b2 were received by 37.50% of participants, followed by BBIBP-CorV (22.01%), Gam-COVID-Vac (21.47%), and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (19.02%). Mean Ab levels at the 28th day and 6 months were 216.55 (SD = 105.73) AU/mL and 75.68 (SD = 57.30) for BNT162b2, 194.38 (SD = 140.24) and 90.53 (SD = 111.30) for Gam-COVID-Vac, and 72.74 (SD = 80.04) and 24.43 (SD = 38.43) for BBIBP-CorV group (p < 0.01, between two time points across all three groups), with a significant difference between women and men (p < 0.01, for both sexes). At the sixth month post-vaccination, the highest mean Ab level was detected in Gam-COVID-Vac group (91.28 AU/mL, SD = 95.96), followed by BNT162b2 (85.25 AU/mL, SD = 60.02), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (64.22 AU/mL, SD = 65.30), and BBIBP-CorV (25.26 AU/mL, SD = 36.92) (p < 0.01). Anti-spike IgG persistence was demonstrated six months post-vaccination with a significant decline in Ab levels. These results suggest a lower protection against SARS-CoV-2 over time. Our findings support the introduction of additional (booster) doses.

Keywords: BBIBP-CorV; BNT162b2; COVID-19; ChAdOx1 nCoV-19; Gam-COVID-Vac; immunogenicity; vaccine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 3
Figure 3
Correlation between Ab levels at the 28th day and 6 months after the second dose of BNT162b2 (A), BBIBP-CorV (B) and Gam-COVID-Vac (C). rho = Spearman’s correlation coefficient.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution of participants, stratified by vaccine type, sex and number (single or paired) of samples.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Antibody levels at the 28th day and 6 months after the second dose of vaccine, stratified by sex (A) and age groups (B) of participants. Legend: *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05, ns = not significant, NA = not applicable.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Antibody levels at 6 months after the administration of BNT162b2, BBIBP-CorV, Gam-COVID-Vac and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccines, stratified by sex (A) and age groups (B) of participants. Legend: *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05, ns = not significant.
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