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Review
. 2023 May;60(5):2520-2538.
doi: 10.1007/s12035-023-03229-7. Epub 2023 Jan 21.

The Potential of NLRP3 Inflammasome as a Therapeutic Target in Neurological Diseases

Wenfang He  1 , Zhiping Hu  2 , Yanjun Zhong  1 , Chenfang Wu  1 , Jinxiu Li  3
Affiliations
Review

The Potential of NLRP3 Inflammasome as a Therapeutic Target in Neurological Diseases

Wenfang He et al. Mol Neurobiol. 2023 May.

Abstract

NLRP3 (NLRP3: NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome is the best-described inflammasome that plays a crucial role in the innate immune system and a wide range of diseases. The intimate association of NLRP3 with neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases and strokes, further emphasizes its prominence as a clinical target for pharmacological intervention. However, after decades of exploration, the mechanism of NLRP3 activation remains indefinite. This review highlights recent advances and gaps in our insights into the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, we present several emerging pharmacological approaches of clinical translational potential targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in neurological diseases. More importantly, despite small-molecule inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome, we have focused explicitly on Chinese herbal medicine and botanical ingredients, which may be splendid therapeutics by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome for central nervous system disorders. We expect that we can contribute new perspectives to the treatment of neurological diseases.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Chinese herbal medicine; NLRP3 inflammasome; Neuroinflammation; Neurological diseases; Stroke.

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