Abolishment of morphology-based taxa and change to binomial species names: 2022 taxonomy update of the ICTV bacterial viruses subcommittee

doi:10.1007/s00705-022-05694-2

. 2023 Jan 23;168(2):74.

doi: 10.1007/s00705-022-05694-2.

Abolishment of morphology-based taxa and change to binomial species names: 2022 taxonomy update of the ICTV bacterial viruses subcommittee

Dann Turner¹, Andrey N Shkoporov², Cédric Lood³, Andrew D Millard⁴, Bas E Dutilh^{5

6}, Poliane Alfenas-Zerbini⁷, Leonardo J van Zyl⁸, Ramy K Aziz^{9

10}, Hanna M Oksanen¹¹, Minna M Poranen¹¹, Andrew M Kropinski¹², Jakub Barylski¹³, J Rodney Brister¹⁴, Nina Chanisvili¹⁵, Rob A Edwards¹⁶, François Enault¹⁷, Annika Gillis¹⁸, Petar Knezevic¹⁹, Mart Krupovic²⁰, Ipek Kurtböke²¹, Alla Kushkina^{22

23}, Rob Lavigne³, Susan Lehman²⁴, Malgorzata Lobocka²⁵, Cristina Moraru²⁶, Andrea Moreno Switt²⁷, Vera Morozova²⁸, Jesca Nakavuma²⁹, Alejandro Reyes Muñoz³⁰, Jānis Rūmnieks³¹, B L Sarkar³², Matthew B Sullivan³³, Jumpei Uchiyama³⁴, Johannes Wittmann³⁵, Tong Yigang³⁶, Evelien M Adriaenssens³⁷

Affiliations

¹ School of Applied Sciences, College of Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
² Department of Medicine and APC Microbiome Ireland, School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
³ Department of Biosystems, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU, Leuven, Belgium.
⁴ Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, UK.
⁵ Institute of Biodiversity, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany.
⁶ Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Science for Life, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands.
⁷ Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
⁸ Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics (IMBM), Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, 7535, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁹ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
¹⁰ Egypt/ and Children's Cancer Hospital, 57357, 11617, Cairo, Egypt.
¹¹ Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
¹² Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
¹³ Department of Molecular Virology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan, Poland.
¹⁴ National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA.
¹⁵ The Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi, Georgia.
¹⁶ Flinders Accelerator for Microbiome Exploration, Adelaide, Australia.
¹⁷ Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LMGE, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
¹⁸ Laboratory of Food and Environmental Microbiology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, L7.05.12, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
¹⁹ PK Lab, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, Novi Sad, Serbia.
²⁰ Archaeal Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Paris, 75015, France.
²¹ School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4558, Maroochydore, BC, QLD, Australia.
²² Department of Bacteriophage molecular genetics, D.K.Zabolotny Institute of microbiology and virology, NAS of Ukraine, 154 Acad. Zabolotnoho str, 03143, Kyiv, Ukraine.
²³ Department of Bacterial molecular genetics, Faculty of biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.
²⁴ Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
²⁵ Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
²⁶ Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
²⁷ Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
²⁸ Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.
²⁹ College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
³⁰ Max Planck Tandem Group in Computational Biology, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia.
³¹ Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, 1067, Riga, Latvia.
³² ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), Kolkata, India.
³³ Departments of Microbiology and Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
³⁴ Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 7008530, Japan.
³⁵ Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Inhoffenstr. 7B, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
³⁶ College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
³⁷ Quadram Institute Bioscience, Rosalind Franklin Road, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK. evelien.adriaenssens@quadram.ac.uk.

PMID: 36683075
PMCID: PMC9868039
DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05694-2

Abolishment of morphology-based taxa and change to binomial species names: 2022 taxonomy update of the ICTV bacterial viruses subcommittee

Dann Turner et al. Arch Virol. 2023.

. 2023 Jan 23;168(2):74.

doi: 10.1007/s00705-022-05694-2.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ School of Applied Sciences, College of Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
² Department of Medicine and APC Microbiome Ireland, School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
³ Department of Biosystems, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU, Leuven, Belgium.
⁴ Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, UK.
⁵ Institute of Biodiversity, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany.
⁶ Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Science for Life, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands.
⁷ Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
⁸ Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics (IMBM), Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, 7535, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁹ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
¹⁰ Egypt/ and Children's Cancer Hospital, 57357, 11617, Cairo, Egypt.
¹¹ Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
¹² Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
¹³ Department of Molecular Virology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan, Poland.
¹⁴ National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA.
¹⁵ The Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi, Georgia.
¹⁶ Flinders Accelerator for Microbiome Exploration, Adelaide, Australia.
¹⁷ Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LMGE, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
¹⁸ Laboratory of Food and Environmental Microbiology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, L7.05.12, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
¹⁹ PK Lab, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, Novi Sad, Serbia.
²⁰ Archaeal Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Paris, 75015, France.
²¹ School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4558, Maroochydore, BC, QLD, Australia.
²² Department of Bacteriophage molecular genetics, D.K.Zabolotny Institute of microbiology and virology, NAS of Ukraine, 154 Acad. Zabolotnoho str, 03143, Kyiv, Ukraine.
²³ Department of Bacterial molecular genetics, Faculty of biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.
²⁴ Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
²⁵ Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
²⁶ Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
²⁷ Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
²⁸ Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.
²⁹ College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
³⁰ Max Planck Tandem Group in Computational Biology, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia.
³¹ Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, 1067, Riga, Latvia.
³² ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), Kolkata, India.
³³ Departments of Microbiology and Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
³⁴ Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 7008530, Japan.
³⁵ Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Inhoffenstr. 7B, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
³⁶ College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
³⁷ Quadram Institute Bioscience, Rosalind Franklin Road, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK. evelien.adriaenssens@quadram.ac.uk.

PMID: 36683075
PMCID: PMC9868039
DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05694-2

Abstract

This article summarises the activities of the Bacterial Viruses Subcommittee of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses for the period of March 2021-March 2022. We provide an overview of the new taxa proposed in 2021, approved by the Executive Committee, and ratified by vote in 2022. Significant changes to the taxonomy of bacterial viruses were introduced: the paraphyletic morphological families Podoviridae, Siphoviridae, and Myoviridae as well as the order Caudovirales were abolished, and a binomial system of nomenclature for species was established. In addition, one order, 22 families, 30 subfamilies, 321 genera, and 862 species were newly created, promoted, or moved.

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Conflict of interest statement

All authors are current members of the Bacterial Viruses Subcommittee and/or Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).

Figures

**Fig. 1**
Cladogram depicting the taxonomic structure of the order *Caudoviricetes*. New bacterial and archaeal virus families created in 2021 are highlighted in green or blue, respectively, and those abolished are in red. Numbers of subfamilies, genera, and species are depicted as histograms adjacent to each family. Numbers in parentheses indicate changes recorded from ratified taxonomic proposals. Subfamilies and genera moved from the abolished families *Myoviridae*, *Podoviridae*, and *Siphoviridae* are detailed in Supplementary Table S1.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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References

1. Walker PJ, Siddell SG, Lefkowitz EJ, et al. Recent changes to virus taxonomy ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2022) Arch Virol. 2022;167:2429–2440. doi: 10.1007/s00705-022-05516-5. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Turner D, Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM. A Roadmap for Genome-Based Phage Taxonomy. Viruses. 2021;13:506. doi: 10.3390/v13030506. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Aiewsakun P, Adriaenssens EM, Lavigne R, et al. Evaluation of the genomic diversity of viruses infecting bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes using a common bioinformatic platform: steps towards a unified taxonomy. J Gen Virol. 2018;99:1331–1343. doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.001110. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Barylski J, Enault F, Dutilh BE, et al. Analysis of Spounaviruses as a Case Study for the Overdue Reclassification of Tailed Phages. Syst Biol. 2020;69:110–123. doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syz036. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Iranzo J, Krupovic M, Koonin EV. The double-stranded DNA virosphere as a modular hierarchical network of gene sharing. mBio. 2016;7:e00978–e00916. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00978-16. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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[1] Walker PJ, Siddell SG, Lefkowitz EJ, et al. Recent changes to virus taxonomy ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2022) Arch Virol. 2022;167:2429–2440. doi: 10.1007/s00705-022-05516-5. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[2] Walker PJ, Siddell SG, Lefkowitz EJ, et al. Recent changes to virus taxonomy ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2022) Arch Virol. 2022;167:2429–2440. doi: 10.1007/s00705-022-05516-5. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[3] Turner D, Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM. A Roadmap for Genome-Based Phage Taxonomy. Viruses. 2021;13:506. doi: 10.3390/v13030506. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[4] Turner D, Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM. A Roadmap for Genome-Based Phage Taxonomy. Viruses. 2021;13:506. doi: 10.3390/v13030506. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[5] Aiewsakun P, Adriaenssens EM, Lavigne R, et al. Evaluation of the genomic diversity of viruses infecting bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes using a common bioinformatic platform: steps towards a unified taxonomy. J Gen Virol. 2018;99:1331–1343. doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.001110. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Aiewsakun P, Adriaenssens EM, Lavigne R, et al. Evaluation of the genomic diversity of viruses infecting bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes using a common bioinformatic platform: steps towards a unified taxonomy. J Gen Virol. 2018;99:1331–1343. doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.001110. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Barylski J, Enault F, Dutilh BE, et al. Analysis of Spounaviruses as a Case Study for the Overdue Reclassification of Tailed Phages. Syst Biol. 2020;69:110–123. doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syz036. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Barylski J, Enault F, Dutilh BE, et al. Analysis of Spounaviruses as a Case Study for the Overdue Reclassification of Tailed Phages. Syst Biol. 2020;69:110–123. doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syz036. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Iranzo J, Krupovic M, Koonin EV. The double-stranded DNA virosphere as a modular hierarchical network of gene sharing. mBio. 2016;7:e00978–e00916. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00978-16. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Iranzo J, Krupovic M, Koonin EV. The double-stranded DNA virosphere as a modular hierarchical network of gene sharing. mBio. 2016;7:e00978–e00916. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00978-16. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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Abolishment of morphology-based taxa and change to binomial species names: 2022 taxonomy update of the ICTV bacterial viruses subcommittee

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Abolishment of morphology-based taxa and change to binomial species names: 2022 taxonomy update of the ICTV bacterial viruses subcommittee

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