Risk of Treatment Failure for Prosthetic Joint Infections: Retrospective Chart Review in an Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy Program
- PMID: 36683659
- PMCID: PMC9817224
- DOI: 10.4212/cjhp.3264
Risk of Treatment Failure for Prosthetic Joint Infections: Retrospective Chart Review in an Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy Program
Abstract
Background: Prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are a major complication of total joint replacement surgeries. Treatment includes surgical intervention with prolonged courses of IV antibiotics in outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) programs. The risk of PJI treatment failure is high and may be associated with various clinical factors.
Objectives: To determine the rate of PJI treatment failure and to identify potential risk factors for failure in patients admitted to an OPAT program.
Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted for adult patients with PJI admitted to an OPAT program between July 1, 2013, and July 1, 2019. Treatment courses were deemed to have failed according to predetermined criteria. χ2 tests and multiple linear regression were used to examine associations of comorbidities, pathogens, and antimicrobial regimens with treatment failure.
Results: In total, 100 patients associated with 137 PJI treatment courses in the OPAT program were included. Of these, 28 patients accounted for 65 of the treatment courses. Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated pathogen (31/137 or 22.6% of treatment courses). Patient comorbidities included body mass index of at least 30 kg/m2 (58% of patients) and diabetes (41% of patients). The overall rate of treatment failure was 56.2% (77/137 treatment courses). Selected risk factors associated with treatment failure or success were diabetes (50.9% versus 29.8%; odds ratio [OR] 4.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.38-12.88, p = 0.013) and depression (32.1% versus 14.9%; OR 5.02, 95% CI 1.30-22.89, p = 0.025).
Conclusions: The overall rate of PJI treatment failure in the study population was high. Patients with diabetes and depression experienced higher incidences of failure. Future investigations of comprehensive PJI management should be considered to ensure successful treatment and to minimize excessive use of health care resources.
Contexte: Les infections des prothèses articulaires (IPA) sont une complication majeure des arthroplasties totales. Le traitement comprend une intervention chirurgicale avec des séries prolongées d’antibiotiques IV dans le cadre de programmes de traitement antimicrobien parentéral ambulatoire (outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy; OPAT). Le risque d’échec du traitement des IPA est élevé et peut être associé à divers facteurs cliniques.
Objectifs: Déterminer le taux d’échec du traitement des IPA et identifier les facteurs de risque chez les patients admis dans un programme OPAT.
Méthodes: Un examen rétrospectif des dossiers de patients adultes atteints d’une IPA admis dans un programme OPAT entre le 1er juillet 2013 et le 1er juillet 2019 a été mené. L’échec d’un traitement était défini selon des critères prédéterminés. Des tests χ2 et une régression linéaire multiple ont été utilisés pour examiner les associations de comorbidités, d’agents pathogènes et de régimes antimicrobiens avec l’échec du traitement.
Résultats: Au total, 100 patients associés à 137 séries de traitements des IPA au sein du programme OPAT étaient inclus. Parmi ceux-ci, 28 patients représentaient 65 des séries de traitement. Le Staphylococcus aureus sensible à la méthicilline était l’agent pathogène le plus fréquemment isolé (31/137 soit 22,6 % des séries de traitement). Les comorbidités des patients comprenaient un indice de la masse corporelle d’au moins 30 kg/m2 (58 % des patients) et un diabète (41 % des patients). Le taux global d’échec thérapeutique était de 56,2 % (77/137 séries de traitement). Les facteurs de risque sélectionnés associés à l’échec ou à la réussite du traitement étaient le diabète (50,9 % contre 29,8 %; rapport de cotes [RC] 4,03, intervalle de confiance à 95 % 1.38–12.88, p = 0,013) et la dépression (32,1 % contre 14,9 %; RC 5,02, IC à 95 % 1.30–22.89, p = 0,025).
Conclusions: Le taux global d’échec du traitement de l’IPA dans la population étudiée était élevé. L’incidence des échecs chez les patients atteints de diabète et de dépression était plus élevée. Des enquêtes futures sur la prise en charge globale de l’IPA devraient être envisagées pour garantir la réussite du traitement et réduire au minimum l’utilisation excessive des ressources de soins de santé.
Keywords: IV therapy; antimicrobial; comorbidities; duration of therapy; outpatient; prosthetic joint infection; treatment failure.
2023 Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists. All content in the Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy is copyrighted by the Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacy. In submitting their manuscripts, the authors transfer, assign, and otherwise convey all copyright ownership to CSHP.
Conflict of interest statement
Competing interests: None declared.
Figures
Similar articles
-
Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) for the management of periprosthetic joint infections in the Republic of Ireland (ROI) from 2013 to 2021.IJID Reg. 2024 Oct 11;13:100466. doi: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100466. eCollection 2024 Dec. IJID Reg. 2024. PMID: 39526192 Free PMC article.
-
A single centre experience of prosthetic joint infection outcomes with outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy.Heliyon. 2023 Apr 11;9(4):e15212. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15212. eCollection 2023 Apr. Heliyon. 2023. PMID: 37113779 Free PMC article.
-
Rates and Predictors of Treatment Failure in Staphylococcus aureus Prosthetic Joint Infections According to Different Management Strategies: A Multinational Cohort Study-The ARTHR-IS Study Group.Infect Dis Ther. 2022 Dec;11(6):2177-2203. doi: 10.1007/s40121-022-00701-0. Epub 2022 Oct 15. Infect Dis Ther. 2022. PMID: 36242742 Free PMC article.
-
[Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) in bone and joint infections].Med Mal Infect. 2006 Mar;36(3):132-7. doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2006.01.002. Epub 2006 Mar 31. Med Mal Infect. 2006. PMID: 16580802 Review. French.
-
Successful implementation of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy at a medical respite facility for homeless patients.J Hosp Med. 2016 Aug;11(8):531-5. doi: 10.1002/jhm.2597. Epub 2016 Apr 27. J Hosp Med. 2016. PMID: 27120700 Review.
Cited by
-
Comparison of Five-Day vs. Fourteen-Day Incubation of Cultures for Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection in Hip Arthroplasty.J Clin Med. 2024 Jul 30;13(15):4467. doi: 10.3390/jcm13154467. J Clin Med. 2024. PMID: 39124734 Free PMC article.
-
Antibiotic-Loaded Calcium Sulphate Beads for Treatment of Acute Periprosthetic Joint Infection in Total Knee Arthroplasty: Results Based on Risk Stratification.J Clin Med. 2025 Feb 25;14(5):1531. doi: 10.3390/jcm14051531. J Clin Med. 2025. PMID: 40095454 Free PMC article.
References
-
- Hip and knee replacements in Canada: CJRR annual statistics summary, 2018–2019. Canadian Institute for Health Information; 2020. [cited 2021 Feb 6]. Available from: http://www.cihi.ca/CIHI-ext-portal/internet/EN/TabbedContent/types+of+ca....
-
- Early revisions of hip and knee replacements in Canada: a quality, productivity and capacity issue. Canadian Institute for Health Information; 2020.
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources