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Review
. 2023 Jan 4:13:1092837.
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1092837. eCollection 2022.

The protective role of nutritional antioxidants against oxidative stress in thyroid disorders

Mirjana T Macvanin  1 , Zoran Gluvic  2 , Sonja Zafirovic  1 , Xin Gao  3   4 , Magbubah Essack  3   4 , Esma R Isenovic  1
Affiliations
Review

The protective role of nutritional antioxidants against oxidative stress in thyroid disorders

Mirjana T Macvanin et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). .

Abstract

An imbalance between pro-oxidative and antioxidative cellular mechanisms is oxidative stress (OxS) which may be systemic or organ-specific. Although OxS is a consequence of normal body and organ physiology, severely impaired oxidative homeostasis results in DNA hydroxylation, protein denaturation, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis, ultimately compromising cells' function and viability. The thyroid gland is an organ that exhibits both oxidative and antioxidative processes. In terms of OxS severity, the thyroid gland's response could be physiological (i.e. hormone production and secretion) or pathological (i.e. development of diseases, such as goitre, thyroid cancer, or thyroiditis). Protective nutritional antioxidants may benefit defensive antioxidative systems in resolving pro-oxidative dominance and redox imbalance, preventing or delaying chronic thyroid diseases. This review provides information on nutritional antioxidants and their protective roles against impaired redox homeostasis in various thyroid pathologies. We also review novel findings related to the connection between the thyroid gland and gut microbiome and analyze the effects of probiotics with antioxidant properties on thyroid diseases.

Keywords: antioxidant probiotic; gut microbiome; nutritional antioxidants; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species; thyroid disease; thyroid-gut axis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The reviewer JD declared a shared affiliation with the authors MM, ZG, SZ, EI to the handling editor at the time of review.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Thyroid gland’s response to oxidative stress in: (A) physiological and (B) pathological conditions. Biorender.com was used to generate part of the Figure.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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