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. 2023 Jan 5:13:1030940.
doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1030940. eCollection 2022.

Neuroepidemiology study of headache in the region of Jammu of north Indian population: A cross-sectional study

Amrit Sudershan  1   2 , Agar Chander Pushap  3 , Mohd Younis  4 , Srishty Sudershan  4 , Sheetal Bhagat  5 , Hardeep Kumar  6 , Rakesh K Panjalyia  4 , Parvinder Kumar  1   4
Affiliations

Neuroepidemiology study of headache in the region of Jammu of north Indian population: A cross-sectional study

Amrit Sudershan et al. Front Neurol. .

Abstract

Background: Headache disorders now represent a major public health problem globally. It is more prevalent in developing countries with the rising trends of headache disorders observed in young adults affecting their quality of life negatively. Very little information is available on the epidemiology of headache disorders in the Jammu Division of the north Indian population.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to find out the prevalence of headache and its two major types, i.e., migraine and tension-type headache (TTH), in the population of the Jammu Division.

Methods: The present study was conducted in two phases: (Phase I: face-to-face interview and Phase II: E-based sampling) and the sufferers of headaches were incorporated into the study based on the International Classification of Headache Disorder-3 (ICHD-3) criteria for a representative sample. Frequency distribution and mean ± standard deviation were used in descriptive statistics to describe the data sets, while a t-test, chi-square test, multiple logistic regression, and prevalence ratio were used in inferential statistics.

Results: In the present study, a total of 3,148 patients were recruited, with an overall prevalence of headache of 53.84%, with a majority of females (38.18%) over males (15.66%). As regards the type of headache, migraine was found to be of the more prevalent (33.25%) type than the TTH (20.58%). Females suffering from migraine showed the highest prevalence (25.28%), in contrast to females suffering from the TTH (12.89%). Sociodemographic variables, such as gender [female; AOR = 2.46, 95% CI (2.12-2.85), p-value < 0.0001] and marital status [married; AOR: 1.46, 95% CI (1.11-1.92) p-value = 0.006], showed a significant association with the headache.

Conclusion: The present study shows that the prevalence of headache is high in the Jammu Division of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) India, with migraine being the highly prevalent type.

Keywords: Jammu; headache; migraine; north India; prevalence; tension type headache.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Pictorial representation of the data collection in the present survey.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Flowchart of participation.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Demographic infographics. (A) Doughnut graph representing the total subject inclusion from different parts of the Jammu division. (B) Column graph showing the marital status. (C) Doughnut graph representing the occupation status of the participants. (D) Dietary habit of the participants. (E) Doughnut diagram showing the frequency of the total water intake in liters by the participants. (F) Presentation of frequency of different data variables such as “physical activities,” “smoking,” andand “alcohol usage”.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Prevalence of headache and its types. (A) Prevalence of headache with migraine and tension-type headaches (TTH) adjusted for gender. (B) Age and gender-adjusted prevalence of headache. (C) Prevalence of migraine and its type [Migraine Without Aura (MWA) and Migraine with Aura (MA)] adjusted for gender. (D) Age and gender-adjusted prevalence of migraine. (E) Age and gender-adjusted prevalence of TTH.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Prevalence of headaches in the Jammu region of the north Indian population.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Two-dimensional (2D) bar graph representing. (Left) Prevalence of diseases under different exposures, (Right) Prevalence ratio in migraine and tension-type headaches (TTH).
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