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. 2023 Jun;242(6):1067-1077.
doi: 10.1111/joa.13829. Epub 2023 Jan 23.

Strategies of vascularization of the ethmoid labyrinth in selected even-toed ungulates (Artiodactyla) and carnivores (Carnivora)

Maciej Zdun  1   2 , Jakub J Ruszkowski  1 , Mateusz Hetman  1 , Oleksii O Melnyk  3 , Hieronim Frąckowiak  2
Affiliations

Strategies of vascularization of the ethmoid labyrinth in selected even-toed ungulates (Artiodactyla) and carnivores (Carnivora)

Maciej Zdun et al. J Anat. 2023 Jun.

Abstract

The anatomy of the nasal cavity and its structures, as well as other elements building a scaffold for olfactory organs, differs significantly among various groups of mammals. Understanding anatomical conditions of quality of olfaction are being studied worldwide and is a complex problem. Among many studies regarding bone and epithelial structures of turbinates and connected anatomical structures, few studies describe the vascularization of turbinates. Ethmoid turbinates are above all covered in olfactory epithelium containing branched axons that receive olfactory stimuli and as olfactory nerves penetrate the cribriform lamina of the ethmoid bone conveying information from smell receptors to the brain. Differences in vascularization of the cribriform plate and turbinates may add crucial information complementing studies regarding the olfactory organ's bone and soft tissue structures. In the study, we describe the vascularization of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone of 54 Artiodactyla and Carnivora.

Keywords: Carnivora; Ungulata; anatomy; angiology; cribriform plate; ethmoid artery.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Diagram of the arteries of the European red deer. (1) the maxillary artery. (2) the external ophthalmic artery. (3) the supraorbital artery. (4) the ethmoid foramen. (5) the external ethmoid artery. (6) the rostral cerebral artery. (7) the internal ethmoid artery.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Diagram of the arteries of the collared peccary. (1) the maxillary artery. (2) the external ophthalmic artery. (3) the external ethmoid artery. (4) the ethmoid foramen. (5) the rostral cerebral artery. (6) the internal ethmoid artery.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Diagram of the arteries of the common hippopotamus. (1) the maxillary artery. (2) the external ophthalmic artery. (3) the external ethmoid artery. (4) the ethmoid foramen. (5) the rostral cerebral artery. (6) the internal ethmoid artery.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Diagram of the arteries of the llama. (1) the maxillary artery. (2) the external ophthalmic artery. (3) the external ethmoid artery. (4) the ethmoid foramen. (5) the rostral cerebral artery. (6) the internal ethmoid artery.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
The corrosion cast of the isolated ethmoid plate with arteries of gray wolf. (1) the external ethmoid artery. (2) the internal ethmoid artery.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
The corrosion cast of the ethmoid bone of the puma. (1) the internal ethmoid artery.
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
The corrosion cast of the rostral cranial cavity of the fallow deer. (1) the external ethmoid artery. (2) the internal ethmoid artery. (3) the rostral cerebral artery.
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