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. 2023 Jun;26(6):1163-1171.
doi: 10.1017/S1368980023000113. Epub 2023 Jan 24.

Relationship between dietary patterns and physical performance in the very old population: a cross-sectional study from the Kawasaki Aging and Wellbeing Project

Tao Yu  1 , Yuko Oguma  1   2 , Keiko Asakura  3 , Yukiko Abe  4 , Yasumichi Arai  4   5
Affiliations

Relationship between dietary patterns and physical performance in the very old population: a cross-sectional study from the Kawasaki Aging and Wellbeing Project

Tao Yu et al. Public Health Nutr. 2023 Jun.

Abstract

Objectives: As the world's population is ageing, improving the physical performance (PP) of the older population is becoming important. Although diets are fundamental to maintaining and improving PP, few studies have addressed the role of these factors in adults aged ≥ 85 years, and none have been conducted in Asia. This study aimed to determine the dietary patterns (DP) and examine their relationship with PP in this population.

Design: This cross-sectional study (Kawasaki Aging and Wellbeing Project) estimated food consumption using a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. The results were adjusted for energy after aggregating into thirty-three groups, excluding possible over- or underestimation. Principal component analysis was used to identify DP, and outcomes included hand grip strength (HGS), timed up-and-go test, and usual walking speed.

Setting: This study was set throughout several hospitals in Kawasaki city.

Participants: In total, 1026 community-dwelling older adults (85-89 years) were enrolled.

Results: Data of 1000 participants (median age: 86·9 years, men: 49·9 %) were included in the analysis. Three major DP (DP1: various foods, DP2: red meats and coffee, DP3: bread and processed meats) were identified. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the trend of DP2 was negatively associated with HGS (B, 95 % CI -0·35, -0·64, -0·06).

Conclusions: This study suggests a negative association between HGS and DP characterised by red meats and coffee in older adults aged ≥ 85 years in Japan.

Keywords: Ageing population; Dietary patterns; Hand grip strength; Physical performance; Principal components analysis.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The inclusion criteria of KAWP. There are seven categories of long-term care benefits and support in Japan: no certified (no need for long-term care), support levels 1 and 2 for preventive, long-term care benefits, and care levels 1 to 5 for long-term care benefits. The higher the level of care, the more advanced the functional decline. KAWP, Kawasaki Aging and Wellbeing Project; BDHQ, brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire
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