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. 2023 Jan 9:13:1047427.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1047427. eCollection 2022.

Development of a Chinese werewolf deception database

Chaocao Yang  1   2   3 , Xuqun You  2   3 , Xudong Xie  2   3 , Yuanyuan Duan  1 , Buxue Wang  1 , Yuxi Zhou  1 , Hong Feng  1 , Wenjing Wang  1 , Ling Fan  1 , Genying Huang  1 , Xunbing Shen  1
Affiliations

Development of a Chinese werewolf deception database

Chaocao Yang et al. Front Psychol. .

Abstract

Although it is important to accurately detect deception, limited research in this area has been undertaken involving Asian people. We aim to address this gap by undertaking research regarding the identification of deception in Asians in realistic environments. In this study, we develop a Chinese Werewolf Deception Database (C2W2D), which consists of 168 video clips (84 deception videos and 84 honest videos). A total of 1,738,760 frames of facial data are recorded. Fifty-eight healthy undergraduates (24 men and 34 women) and 26 drug addicts (26 men) participated in a werewolf game. The development of C2W2D is accomplished based on a "werewolf" deception game paradigm in which the participants spontaneously tell the truth or a lie. Two synced high-speed cameras are used to capture the game process. To explore the differences between lying and truth-telling in the database, descriptive statistics (e.g., duration and quantity) and hypothesis tests are conducted using action units (AUs) of facial expressions (e.g., t-test). The C2W2D contributes to a relatively sizable number of deceptive and honest samples with high ecological validity. These samples can be used to study the individual differences and the underlying mechanisms of lies and truth-telling between drug addicts and healthy people.

Keywords: cross-culture; deception database; ecological validity; emotion; facial expression; individual difference; video.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
(A) The layout of the recording room. Two cameras record the entire game process. The 12 undergraduates or 6–8 addicts sit in front of the camera. Each camera separately captures six undergraduates (three or four addicts). (B) The process of one game round. The night and day are looped until one game round had ended.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Number of action units (AUs) indicating lying and truth-telling.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
The contour line plot shows the distribution of action units (AUs) per player. (A) The distribution of lying AUs per player. (B) The distribution of truth-telling AUs per player. P1–P90: The ranking of the players. P1–P60 are healthy undergraduates, P61–P90 are drug addicts. P19, P21, P69, and P76–P78 are precluded in this sequence.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
(A) Mean presence. (B) Mean intensity. Statistically significant differences between lying and truth-telling: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.
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