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Review
. 2023 Jan 9:13:1089647.
doi: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1089647. eCollection 2022.

Epigenetic modifications in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps

Jing Li  1   2 , Chang-Yu Qiu  1   3 , Yue-Jin Tao  2 , Lei Cheng  1   3
Affiliations
Review

Epigenetic modifications in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps

Jing Li et al. Front Genet. .

Abstract

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has brought a huge socioeconomic burden. However, its mechanism is still elusive, which may involve genetic, environmental and some other factors. Epigenetic analyses have been conducted to explore the mechanisms underlying CRS. Here, we reviewed the fruits in the epigenetic studies on DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA regulation. We concluded that the epigenetic research on CRS has made great breakthroughs, especially in the past 5 years and the field of microRNAs. "Epigenetic therapies" are expected to be designed to treat CRS in the future.

Keywords: DNA methylation; chronic rhinosinusitis; circular RNA; histone modifications; long non-coding RNA; microRNA; nasal polyps.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Epigenetic modifications regulate gene expression and contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with or without nasal polyps. (1) Methyl group (CH3) on cytosines inactivates gene transcription, which is catalyzed by DNA methyltransferase (DNMT); in contrast, the DNA demethylation contributes to gene expression. (2) When acetyl groups (COCH3) bind to histone tails via histone acetyltransferase (HAT), the gene is expressed. Conversely, the removal of the acetyl groups by histone deacetylase (HDAC) turns off the gene expression. (3) circRNA and lncRNA can regulate the 3′-UTR of mRNA through the sponging effect of miRNA, then control the gene expression.
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