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Review
. 2022 Aug 2;2(4):25.
doi: 10.3892/mi.2022.50. eCollection 2022 Jul-Aug.

Role of pulmonary function testing in inflammatory bowel diseases (Review)

Vasiliki Epameinondas Georgakopoulou  1 , Kyriakos Tarantinos  2 , Petros Papalexis  3   4 , Demetrios A Spandidos  5 , Christos Damaskos  6   7 , Aikaterini Gkoufa  8 , Serafeim Chlapoutakis  9 , Pagona Sklapani  10 , Nikolaos Trakas  11 , Dimitrios Mermigkis  2
Affiliations
Review

Role of pulmonary function testing in inflammatory bowel diseases (Review)

Vasiliki Epameinondas Georgakopoulou et al. Med Int (Lond). .

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a term used to describe chronic inflammatory entities of the gastrointestinal system with an unclear etiology. Extra-intestinal manifestations beyond the involvement of the gastrointestinal tract can also occur. Several studies have investigated the alterations of pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in patients with IBD. To the best of our knowledge, the present review article is the first to summarize all the types of PFTs that have been performed in patients with IBD. Contradictory data exist regarding the association of PFT alterations with disease activity. PFT abnormalities can develop in individuals with IBD who have no clear clinical signs or radiological evidence, suggesting that PFTs may be useful in detecting latent respiratory involvement. The most prevalent finding in the PFTs of adults and children with IBD is an impairment in the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, although evidence on the other tests, particularly spirometric values, and their connection with disease activity is inconsistent.

Keywords: diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide; inflammatory bowel disease; pulmonary function testing; spirometry.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Findings from spirometry in inflammatory bowel diseases. IBDs, inflammatory bowel diseases; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEF(25-75%), mean forced expired flow as lung volume decreases from 75 to 25% of vital capacity.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Findings from measurement of diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide in inflammatory bowel diseases. IBDs, inflammatory bowel diseases; DLCO, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Findings from measurement of lung volumes in inflammatory bowel diseases. IBDs, inflammatory bowel diseases; FRC, functional residual capacity; RV, residual volume; TLC, total lung capacity.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Findings from bronchoprovocation challenging testing in inflammatory bowel diseases. IBDs, inflammatory bowel diseases.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Findings from the measurement of exhaled NO in inflammatory bowel diseases. IBDs, inflammatory bowel diseases; NO, nitric oxide.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Findings from pulmonary function test in children with inflammatory bowel diseases. IBDs, inflammatory bowel diseases; DLCO, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide; NO, nitric oxide; RV, residual volume; TLC, total lung capacity.
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