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Meta-Analysis
. 2023 Jan 9:10:1062304.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1062304. eCollection 2022.

The effect of diet quality on the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Xiaoxia Gao  1 , Qingxiang Zheng  2 , Xiumin Jiang  2 , Xiaoqian Chen  2 , Yanping Liao  1 , Yuqing Pan  2
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

The effect of diet quality on the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Xiaoxia Gao et al. Front Public Health. .

Abstract

Objective: To examine the effect of diet quality on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Methods: This review included cohort and case-control studies reporting an association between diet quality and gestational diabetes mellitus. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL Complete, Chinese Periodical Full-text Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and China Wanfang Database for studies published from inception to November 18, 2022. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment, and the overall quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADEpro GDT.

Results: A total of 19 studies (15 cohort, four case-control) with 108,084 participants were included. We found that better higher diet quality before or during pregnancy reduced the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus, including a higher Mediterranean diet (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.30-0.86), dietary approaches to stop hypertension (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.44-0.97), Alternate Healthy Eating Index (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.44-0.83), overall plant-based diet index (OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.41-0.78), and adherence to national dietary guidelines (OR: 0.39; 95% CI:0.31-0.48). However, poorer diet quality increased the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, including a higher dietary inflammatory index (OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.21-1.57) and overall low-carbohydrate diets (OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.22-1.64). After meta-regression, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses, the results remained statistically significant.

Conclusions: Before and during pregnancy, higher diet quality reduced the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus, whereas poorer diet quality increased this risk.

Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42022372488.

Keywords: diet; diet quality; gestational diabetes mellitus; pre-pregnancy; pregnancy.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of included studies.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Quality assessments of the included studies. Study # is the same as in Table 1.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Forest plot for the association of the Group A with GDM (weights are from random-effects model).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Group A sensitivity analysis.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Forest plot for the association of the Group B with GDM.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Group B sensitivity analysis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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