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. 2023 Jan 26;18(1):e0278702.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278702. eCollection 2023.

Associated factors with Premenstrual syndrome and Premenstrual dysphoric disorder among female medical students: A cross-sectional study

Vy Dinh Trieu Ngo  1 , Linh Phuong Bui  2   3 , Long Bao Hoang  3   4 , My Thi Tra Tran  5 , Huy Vu Quoc Nguyen  6 , Linh Manh Tran  6 , Tung Thanh Pham  3   7   8
Affiliations

Associated factors with Premenstrual syndrome and Premenstrual dysphoric disorder among female medical students: A cross-sectional study

Vy Dinh Trieu Ngo et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Aim: The study aimed to determine potential risk factors associated with Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder.

Methods: Three hundred two female student participants who were 18-45 years old completed a questionnaire including demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and a Vietnamese Premenstrual Syndrome Screening Tool. We then followed up participants during at least two menstrual cycles using the Daily Record of Severity of Problems. The Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder diagnosis was established using The Carolina Premenstrual Assessment Scoring System, based on the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

Results: According to the Carolina Premenstrual Assessment Scoring System, 35 out of 302 students (11.6%; 95%CI: 8.2-15.7%) met the diagnosis of PMS (31 students) or PMDD (4 students). We found that age at menarche (PR = 0.77, 95%CI: 0.63-0.96), having negative Rh blood type (PR = 4.43, 95%CI: 1.95 to 10.08), being moderately depressed or higher (PR = 2.81, 95%CI: 1.24 to 6.36), and consuming caffeine more than three times per week were statistically associated with having Premenstrual Syndrome or Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder after adjusting for other variables.

Conclusion: The prominent risk factors for Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder were negative Rhesus blood type, menarche age, caffeine consumption, and self-reported depression.

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Conflict of interest statement

Vy. D. T. Ngo has received a research grant from Research Advancement Consortium in Health (REACH) which Linh P. Bui, Long B. Hoang and Tung T. Pham are founders and members of REACH (a non-profit entity). Linh P. Bui, Long B. Hoang and Tung T. Pham did not receive any payment or compensation from this position at REACH. They provided consultancy on study design, data collection and analysis, and preparation of the manuscript. However, REACH had no role in the decision to publish this study, and this final decision belongs to the funded research team. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Flow chart of participant recruitment and retention.
*The participants could report the score of symptoms of each day in DRSR (Daily Record of Severity Problems) within three days from the submission day. We excluded participants if they missed more than 3 days in a row or repeatedly missed the report of any day up to 5 times. † There were 11 participants would like to be followed and completed the third cycle.
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