Financial toxicity in BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers

Abstract

Objective: Financial toxicity (FT), the cumulative financial burden experienced due to medical care, is a well-established adverse effect of healthcare. Patients with BRCA mutations have significantly increased cancer risks compared to non-affected individuals, requiring more frequent screenings and, at times, prophylactic surgery, increasing their risk for FT. Our primary aim in this study was to describe rates of FT among BRCA carriers.

Methods: We performed a novel, cross-sectional study of FT in BRCA1/2 carriers. Participants were recruited via phone and/or email to complete consents and surveys on REDCap. The FACIT-COST tool, a validated tool for measuring FT, was used to assess FT; scores were divided into tertiles, with high FT defined as COST score < 24.

Results: 265 BRCA positive female participants met enrollment criteria; 76 (28.7%) consented to participate and completed the survey. Participants were primarily non-Hispanic White (97.4%), privately insured (82.9%), and employed full time (67.1%). A significant proportion (22.7%) of participants reported delaying or avoiding care secondary to finances. No statistically significant association was seen between financial toxicity groups and analyzed demographics. Participants with high FT were more likely to engage in all surveyed cost-saving measures, with 41.7% of participants reporting delays/avoidance of care due to cost (p = 0.02).

Conclusions: This study of FT in BRCA carriers shows that financial toxicity exists as an issue in this high-risk patient population. This work serves as the first description of FT in BRCA mutation carriers and highlights the importance of incorporating routine counseling on cost when discussing recommendations for screening and clinical care with this patient population.

Keywords: BRCA; Cost; Financial toxicity; Quality of life; cancer syndromes.