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. 2023 Mar;22(1):75-82.
doi: 10.1007/s12663-021-01683-1. Epub 2022 Jan 4.

Facial Soft Tissue Ptosis: A Quantitative Analysis using 3d Facial Scan App For iPhone

Vincenzo Abbate  1 , Giovanni Dell'Aversana Orabona  1 , Francesco Seidita  1 , Umberto Committeri  1 , Paola Bonavolontà  1 , Pasquale Piombino  1 , Giovanni Audino  1 , Giorgio Iaconetta  2 , Luigi Califano  1
Affiliations

Facial Soft Tissue Ptosis: A Quantitative Analysis using 3d Facial Scan App For iPhone

Vincenzo Abbate et al. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2023 Mar.

Abstract

Although the modifications of the aging face have been widely described, to our knowledge, there are no studies that quantitatively analyze the degree of soft tissues facial ptosis. Using a specific iPhone application, the faces of a heterogeneous group of volunteers were scanned and studied with the aim to virtually measure the entity of facial ptosis.Two facial scans, upright and supine, were performed by using the Bellus3D Face app for iPhone in a sample of 60 volunteers. We virtually superimposed the two scans, and then, we calculated the discrepancy between them through the Geomagic Design X 3D software. A multivariate regression statistical model was used to analyze the correlation between the mean discrepancy values compared to three main variables: age, BMI and gender. Mean ptosis increases with age (coeff. = 0.02; 95% CI = 0.01-0.02, p < 0.001), BMI (coeff. = 0.03; 95% CI = 0.01-0.05; p < 0.001) and has been found higher in females (female versus male: coeff. = 0.22; 95% CI = 0.13-0.31; p < 0.001). The method we used allowed us to measure the degree of ptosis, and to make a complete morphological study of the effect of gravity on the facial surface in a very accurate, low cost and easily reproducible way.

Keywords: Age; Aging face; BMI; Facial ptosis; Virtual planning; iPhone app.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
3D facial scan in upright position a, 3D Facial scan in supine position b
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
3D facial scan reconstruction in upright position a, 3D facial scan reconstruction in supine position b
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Superimposition of upright and supine facial scans and measurement of millimetric discrepancy using GeoMagic software
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Marginal prediction for mean ptosis for age
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Marginal prediction for mean ptosis for gender
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Marginal prediction for mean ptosis for BMI
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
a Color map showing the points of minor (on green) and major (on red) discrepancy; b anatomical illustration showing the retention ligaments between the fat compartments
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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