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. 2023 Jan 12;9(1):e12940.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12940. eCollection 2023 Jan.

Banana pseudo-stem biochar derived from slow and fast pyrolysis process

Nurhayati Abdullah  1 , Rahmad Mohd Taib  2 , Nur Syairah Mohamad Aziz  1 , Muhammad Rabie Omar  1 , Nurhafizah Md Disa  1
Affiliations

Banana pseudo-stem biochar derived from slow and fast pyrolysis process

Nurhayati Abdullah et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

This study evaluated the properties of banana pseudo-stem (BPS) biochar derived from two different types of pyrolysis. The fast pyrolysis experiment was performed using a worktable-scale fluidized-bed reactor, while a bench-scale fixed-bed reactor was used in the slow pyrolysis experiment. The preliminary analysis shows that the feedstock contains 80.6 db wt% of volatile matter, 12.5 db wt% of ash and 33.6% of carbon content. Biochar yield reduces as the pyrolysis temperature elevates for both pyrolysis experiments. Fast pyrolysis yields a higher percentage of biochar (40.3%) than biochar yield obtained from the slow pyrolysis experiment (34.9 wt%) at a similar temperature of 500 °C. The evaluation of biochar derived at 500 °C shows that the biochar obtained from the slow pyrolysis process has higher carbon content, heating value, and surface area with lower ash content. Meanwhile, FESEM images show significant differences in surface morphology and the number of pores for biochar derived from fast and slow pyrolysis. These findings indicate the potential and suitability of BPS biochar derived from the slow pyrolysis process in applications such as soil amelioration and solid biofuel.

Keywords: BPS, Banana pseudo-stem; Banana pseudo-stem; Biochar; FESEM, Field emission scanning electron microscope; FTIR, Fourier transform infrared; Fast pyrolysis; HHV, Higher heating value; Slow pyrolysis.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Logic diagram.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Dried banana pseudo-stem.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Schematic diagram of slow pyrolysis.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Fixed bed pyrolyzer to place the feedstock.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Schematic diagram of fast pyrolysis.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
TG and DTG curves of BPS feedstock.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
FTIR spectrum of BPS feedstock.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Images of raw BPS from (a) FESEM; (b) ImageJ analysing no. of pores.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Products yield as a function of temperature for slow pyrolysis of BPS.
Fig. 10
Fig. 10
Products yield as a function of temperature for fast pyrolysis of BPS.
Fig. 11
Fig. 11
Images of BPS biochar from slow pyrolysis at 500 °C from (a) FESEM; (b) ImageJ analysing no. of pores.
Fig. 12
Fig. 12
Images of BPS biochar from fast pyrolysis at 500 °C from (a) FESEM; (b) ImageJ analysing no. of pores.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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