Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Jan 27;18(1):e0262013.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262013. eCollection 2023.

Incidence and risk factors of cardiovascular mortality in patients with gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma

Nso Nso  1 , Akwe Nyabera  1 , Mahmoud Nassar  1 , Yolanda Mbome  2 , Kelechi Emmanuel  3 , Mohsen Alshamam  1 , Vickram Sumbly  1 , Laura Guzman  1 , Tanveer Shaukat  1 , Rubal Bhangal  1 , Gilbert Ako Ojong  4 , Farshid Radparvar  5 , Vincent Rizzo  1 , Most Sirajum Munira  5
Affiliations

Incidence and risk factors of cardiovascular mortality in patients with gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma

Nso Nso et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are common and fatal. Improved cancer-directed therapies, with thier substantial role in improving cancer-specific survival, may increase non-cancer mortality-including cardiovascular mortality-in these patients.

Aim: To identify the risk factors of cardiovascular mortality in GI adenocarcinoma patients.

Methods: Data of GI adenocarcinoma patients were gathered from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. We used Pearson's chi-square test to assess the relationships between categorical variables. We used the Kaplan-Meyer test in the univariate analysis and Cox regression test for the multivariate analysis.

Results: Among 556,350 included patients, 275,118 (49.6%) died due to adenocarcinoma, 64,079 (11.5%) died due to cardiovascular causes, and 83,161 (14.9%) died due to other causes. Higher rates of cardiovascular mortality were found in patients ≥ 50 years (HR, 8.476; 95% CI, 7.91-9.083), separated (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.184-1.361) and widowed (HR, 1.867; 95% CI, 1.812-1.924), patients with gastric (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.1-1.265) or colorectal AC (HR, 1.123; 95% CI, 1.053-1.198), and patients not undergone surgery (HR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.958-2.126). Lower risk patients include females (HR, 0.729; 95% CI, 0.717-0.742), blacks (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.924-0.978), married (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.749-0.792), divorced (HR, 0.841; 95% CI, 0.807-0.877), patients with pancreatic AC (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.757-0.91), and patients treated with chemotherapy (HR, 0.416; 95% CI, 0.406-0.427).

Conclusions: Risk factors for cardiovascular mortality in GI adenocarcinoma include advanced age, males, whites, separated and widowed, gastric or colorectal adenocarcinoma, advanced grade or advanced stage of the disease, no chemotherapy, and no surgery. Married and divorced, and patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma have a lower risk.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. Rawla P, Barsouk A: Epidemiology of gastric cancer: global trends, risk factors and prevention. Przeglad gastroenterologiczny. 2019, 14:26–38. doi: 10.5114/pg.2018.80001 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Allemani C, Matsuda T, Di Carlo V, Harewood R, Matz M, Niksic M, et al.: Global surveillance of trends in cancer survival 2000–14 (CONCORD-3): analysis of individual records for 37 513 025 patients diagnosed with one of 18 cancers from 322 population-based registries in 71 countries. Lancet (London, England). 2018, 391:1023–1075. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)33326-3 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Arnold M, Rutherford MJ, Bardot A, Ferlay J, Andersson TM, Myklebust TA, et al.: Progress in cancer survival, mortality, and incidence in seven high- income countries 1995–2014 (ICBP SURVMARK-2): a population-based study. The Lancet Oncology. 2019, 20:1493–1505. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30456-5 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F: Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. 2021. doi: 10.3322/caac.21660 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Fidler MM, Soerjomataram I, Bray F: A global view on cancer incidence and national levels of the human development index. International journal of cancer. 2016, 139:2436–2446. doi: 10.1002/ijc.30382 - DOI - PubMed