The Gut Microbiome, Microbial Metabolites, and Cardiovascular Disease in People Living with HIV

doi:10.1007/s11904-023-00648-y

Review

. 2023 Apr;20(2):86-99.

doi: 10.1007/s11904-023-00648-y. Epub 2023 Jan 28.

The Gut Microbiome, Microbial Metabolites, and Cardiovascular Disease in People Living with HIV

Brandilyn A Peters¹, Robert D Burk^{2

3}, Robert C Kaplan^{2

4}, Qibin Qi^{2

5}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, #1315AB, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA. Brandilyn.Peterssamuelson@einsteinmed.org.
² Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, #1315AB, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
³ Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
⁴ Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
⁵ Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.

PMID: 36708497
DOI: 10.1007/s11904-023-00648-y

Review

The Gut Microbiome, Microbial Metabolites, and Cardiovascular Disease in People Living with HIV

Brandilyn A Peters et al. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2023 Apr.

. 2023 Apr;20(2):86-99.

doi: 10.1007/s11904-023-00648-y. Epub 2023 Jan 28.

Authors

Brandilyn A Peters¹, Robert D Burk^{2

3}, Robert C Kaplan^{2

4}, Qibin Qi^{2

5}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, #1315AB, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA. Brandilyn.Peterssamuelson@einsteinmed.org.
² Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, #1315AB, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
³ Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
⁴ Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
⁵ Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.

PMID: 36708497
DOI: 10.1007/s11904-023-00648-y

Abstract

Purpose of review: To synthesize recent evidence relating the gut microbiome and microbial metabolites to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in people living with HIV (PLWH).

Recent findings: A few cross-sectional studies have reported on the gut microbiome and cardiovascular outcomes in the context of HIV, with no consistent patterns emerging. The largest such study found that gut Fusobacterium was associated with carotid artery plaque. More studies have evaluated microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide with CVD risk in PLWH, but results were inconsistent, with recent prospective analyses showing null effects. Studies of other microbial metabolites are scarce. Microbial translocation biomarkers (e.g., lipopolysaccharide binding protein) have been related to incident CVD in PLWH. Microbial translocation may increase CVD risk in PLWH, but there is insufficient and/or inconsistent evidence regarding specific microbial species and microbial metabolites associated with cardiovascular outcomes in PLWH. Further research is needed in large prospective studies integrating the gut microbiome, microbial translocation, and microbial metabolites with cardiovascular outcomes in PLWH.

Keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Gut microbiome; HIV; Metabolome.

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References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

1. Trickey A, May MT, Vehreschild J-J, Obel N, Gill MJ, Crane HM, et al. Survival of HIV-positive patients starting antiretroviral therapy between 1996 and 2013: a collaborative analysis of cohort studies. The Lancet HIV. 2017;4(8):e349–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(17)30066-8 . - DOI
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1. de Coninck Z, Hussain-Alkhateeb L, Bratt G, Ekström AM, Gisslén M, Petzold M, et al. Non-AIDS mortality is higher among successfully treated people living with HIV compared with matched HIV-negative control persons: a 15-year follow-up cohort study in Sweden. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2018;32(8):297–305. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2018.0015 . - DOI - PubMed - PMC
1. Farahani M, Mulinder H, Farahani A, Marlink R. Prevalence and distribution of non-AIDS causes of death among HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J STD AIDS. 2017;28(7):636–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956462416632428 . - DOI - PubMed
1. Althoff KN, Gebo KA, Moore RD, Boyd CM, Justice AC, Wong C, et al. Contributions of traditional and HIV-related risk factors on non-AIDS-defining cancer, myocardial infarction, and end-stage liver and renal diseases in adults with HIV in the USA and Canada: a collaboration of cohort studies. The Lancet HIV. 2019;6(2):e93–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(18)30295-9 . - DOI - PubMed - PMC

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[1] Trickey A, May MT, Vehreschild J-J, Obel N, Gill MJ, Crane HM, et al. Survival of HIV-positive patients starting antiretroviral therapy between 1996 and 2013: a collaborative analysis of cohort studies. The Lancet HIV. 2017;4(8):e349–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(17)30066-8 . - DOI

[2] Trickey A, May MT, Vehreschild J-J, Obel N, Gill MJ, Crane HM, et al. Survival of HIV-positive patients starting antiretroviral therapy between 1996 and 2013: a collaborative analysis of cohort studies. The Lancet HIV. 2017;4(8):e349–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(17)30066-8 . - DOI

[3] Rasmussen LD, May MT, Kronborg G, Larsen CS, Pedersen C, Gerstoft J, et al. Time trends for risk of severe age-related diseases in individuals with and without HIV infection in Denmark: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Lancet HIV. 2015;2(7):e288–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(15)00077-6 . - DOI - PubMed

[4] Rasmussen LD, May MT, Kronborg G, Larsen CS, Pedersen C, Gerstoft J, et al. Time trends for risk of severe age-related diseases in individuals with and without HIV infection in Denmark: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Lancet HIV. 2015;2(7):e288–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(15)00077-6 . - DOI - PubMed

[5] de Coninck Z, Hussain-Alkhateeb L, Bratt G, Ekström AM, Gisslén M, Petzold M, et al. Non-AIDS mortality is higher among successfully treated people living with HIV compared with matched HIV-negative control persons: a 15-year follow-up cohort study in Sweden. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2018;32(8):297–305. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2018.0015 . - DOI - PubMed - PMC

[6] de Coninck Z, Hussain-Alkhateeb L, Bratt G, Ekström AM, Gisslén M, Petzold M, et al. Non-AIDS mortality is higher among successfully treated people living with HIV compared with matched HIV-negative control persons: a 15-year follow-up cohort study in Sweden. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2018;32(8):297–305. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2018.0015 . - DOI - PubMed - PMC

[7] Farahani M, Mulinder H, Farahani A, Marlink R. Prevalence and distribution of non-AIDS causes of death among HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J STD AIDS. 2017;28(7):636–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956462416632428 . - DOI - PubMed

[8] Farahani M, Mulinder H, Farahani A, Marlink R. Prevalence and distribution of non-AIDS causes of death among HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J STD AIDS. 2017;28(7):636–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956462416632428 . - DOI - PubMed

[9] Althoff KN, Gebo KA, Moore RD, Boyd CM, Justice AC, Wong C, et al. Contributions of traditional and HIV-related risk factors on non-AIDS-defining cancer, myocardial infarction, and end-stage liver and renal diseases in adults with HIV in the USA and Canada: a collaboration of cohort studies. The Lancet HIV. 2019;6(2):e93–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(18)30295-9 . - DOI - PubMed - PMC

[10] Althoff KN, Gebo KA, Moore RD, Boyd CM, Justice AC, Wong C, et al. Contributions of traditional and HIV-related risk factors on non-AIDS-defining cancer, myocardial infarction, and end-stage liver and renal diseases in adults with HIV in the USA and Canada: a collaboration of cohort studies. The Lancet HIV. 2019;6(2):e93–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(18)30295-9 . - DOI - PubMed - PMC

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The Gut Microbiome, Microbial Metabolites, and Cardiovascular Disease in People Living with HIV

Affiliations

The Gut Microbiome, Microbial Metabolites, and Cardiovascular Disease in People Living with HIV

Authors

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Abstract

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