Long Non Coding RNA in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A Promising Biomarker in Tumorigenesis

Abstract

Globally, Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an unsurpassed variant of breast cancer (BC) with a very high fatality rate, and disease burden. Nevertheless, the deficit of diagnostic markers and focused treatment are major hurdles for potent therapeutics. They are also the reason for bad outcomes and causes of a worse prognosis and a high rate of flare up in patients with TNBC diagnosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are a new class of molecules that have recently gained interest in healthcare management due to their potential as biomarkers for human diseases especially cancers. The growing interest in lncRNA in clinical practice has created an unmet need for developing assays to test lncRNA quickly and accurately for early diagnostics. These lncRNA modulate multiple stages of tumor development, including growth, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastases, by controlling several genes and changing metabolic networks. Highly invasive phenotype and chemo resistance are prominent characteristics of TNBC subtypes that require accurate diagnostic and prognostic instruments involving lncRNA. This review focusses on the evolving purpose and coalition of lncRNAs in TNBC and accentuates their capable effects in diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Moreover, the extensive literature analysis of our review creates an opportunity in the translational application concerning the TNBC lncRNAs described until now. The depiction of lncRNAs enrolled in TNBC is comprehensive, and sufficient substantiation studies are the need of the hour to authenticate the current outcomes and create imminent upcoming of elemental research setting into clinical practice.

Keywords: Triple negative; breast cancer; diagnostics; lncRNA; prognostics.

Figure 1

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer's lncRNA Mechanism. Understanding the mechanism of how lncRNA regulate transcription in breast cancer with regard to TNBC. The TNBC coregulatory factors are vital to the reactivation of histone trimethylation, chromatin modification, DNA damage, cell cycle control, and TNBC signalling in BC. This TNBC coregulatory network, which activates oncogenic genes while silencing tumour- suppressive ones, helps advance breast cancer