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. 2023 Jan 11;9(1):e12871.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12871. eCollection 2023 Jan.

Mechanical property of pixel extrusion and pin forming for polymer, ceramic, and metal formation

Kittikhun Khotmungkhun  1   2 , Rat Prathumwan  2 , Arkorn Chotiyasilp  2 , Bhadpiroon Watcharasresomroeng  3 , Kittitat Subannajui  2
Affiliations

Mechanical property of pixel extrusion and pin forming for polymer, ceramic, and metal formation

Kittikhun Khotmungkhun et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

The rapid material fabrications in pixel shape were mechanically studied in comparison with FDM and STL 3D printing technique. The pixel extrusion technique was the extrusion with a set of holes in the die. By controlling the flow of each hole in the die, the shape could be adjustable. The pixel molding technique composed of a set of pins. By adjusting the length of pin inside the mold, the shape of cavity could be designed. Compared to 3D printing which requires the material deposition with 2D scanning for several layers, 3D material fabrication by pixel extrusion and pixel molding were much faster; however, their resolutions were still much worse compared to 3D printing at the moment. SEM, Tensile test, flexural test, including hardness were used to observe the properties of pixel extrusion and pixel molding. The pixel molding technique was also used to fabricate many materials to compare the properties such as cement, iron, and silica. Apparently, materials could be formed and mechanical properties were investigated.

Keywords: 3D molding; 3D printing; Material forming.

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Figures

Image 1
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Shape adjustable rapid prototyping process. (A) FDM 3D printing using polymer filament and cartesian robot (B) Stereolithography using the scanning laser beam on the photopolymer (C) Pixel extrusion with adjustable extruded holes, and (D) injection of various material with adjustable pin.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Pixel extrusion process with (A) 1 channel (B) 3 channels (C) 6 channels (D) 9 channels (E) Pixel molding in cross shape and (F) Pixel molding in pyramid shape.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Surface morphology of (A) FDM sample (B) Stereolithography sample (C) Pixel Extrusion sample (PEX) and (D) Pixel Molding sample (PM sample).
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Tensile test of (A) SLA (B) FDM (C) PEX (D) PM. Flexural test of (E) SLA (F) FDM (G) PEX (H) PM (I) Shore D hardness test of SLA, FDM, PEX and PM and (J) XRD of SLA, FDM, PEX and PM.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Pyramid samples fabricated from (A) Cement (B) Fe (C) SiO2 (D) Dimensions of pyramid samples after PM fabrication. Surface Morphology observe by SEM (E) Cement (F) Fe powder as raw material (G) Fe/PMMA composite after injected into the mold (H) Fe after sintering process (I) SiO2 powder (J) SiO2/PMMA composite after injected into the mold (K) SiO2 after sintering process (L) Shore D hardness of Fe, SiO2, and Concrete. Tensile test of (M) Concrete (N) Fe and (O) SiO2.
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