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. 2020 Dec 4;4(1):1-8.
doi: 10.31547/bct-2020-009. eCollection 2021 Feb 25.

Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) outcome for multiple myeloma in a tertiary referral centre in Malaysia

Christopher Chin Keong Liam  1 , Yang Liang Boo  1 , Yi Lin Lee  2 , Kian Boon Law  2 , Kim Wah Ho  1 , Syed Abdul Kadir Sharifah Shahnaz  1 , Jerome Tsen Chuen Tan  1 , Ngee Siang Lau  1 , Tee Chuan Ong  1 , Sen Mui Tan  1 , Jameela Sathar  1
Affiliations

Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) outcome for multiple myeloma in a tertiary referral centre in Malaysia

Christopher Chin Keong Liam et al. Blood Cell Ther. .

Abstract

Background: Multiple Myeloma (MM) is characterized by the presence of clonal plasma cells. These often result in complications including bone destruction, hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, and anaemia. Induction with a triplet or quadruplet regimen followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has been the standard of care for transplant eligible patients to achieve durable remission.

Purpose: This is a retrospective analytical study to determine the outcome of Multiple Myeloma patients who underwent ASCT in Ampang Hospital.

Materials and methods: We included a 5-year cohort of patients transplanted from 1st July 2014 to 30th June 2019. Data were obtained through electronic medical records. Prognostic factors for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using simple and multiple Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. All analyses were done using software R version 3.6.2 with validated statistical packages.

Results: 139 patients were analyzed. The median age at transplant was 56 years old and 56.1% are males (n＝78). The most common subtype is IgG Kappa (n＝67, 48.2%). Only 93 patients in which the International Staging System (ISS) could be determined, and among them, 33.3% of patients (n＝31) have advanced stage Ⅲ disease. The most common induction received before ASCT was a bortezomib based regimen and/or an immunomodulatory (IMiD) based regimen. 63.3% of patients achieved at least a very good partial response (VGPR) before ASCT. Most patients received myeloablative conditioning (MAC) (n＝119, 85.6%). The mean cell dose is 3.68×106/kg. The median time to engraftment was 11 days for both platelet and absolute neutrophil count (ANC). With the median follow-up of 17.3 (range, 6.2-33.4) months, the median OS and PFS were not reached. The 1-year and 2-year PFS were 75% (95% CI 66-82%) and 52% (95% CI 42-62%), respectively. The 1-year and 2-year OS were 82% (95% CI 74-88%) and 70% (95% CI 60-78%), respectively. 6 patients (4.3%) had transplant-related mortality (TRM). IgA subtype was found to adversely affect PFS. Maintenance therapy and the absence of renal impairment was associated with better PFS and OS.

Discussion and conclusions: Our study found that ASCT following induction treatment is safe and beneficial to achieve a deeper remission status. In our study, the addition of maintenance therapy is associated with an improved outcome in PFS and OS.

Keywords: Malaysia; autologous stem cell transplant; multiple myeloma.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available here.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Kaplan Meier curves showing the progression-free survival (PFS)
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. Kaplan Meier curves showing the overall survival (OS)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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