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Review
. 2023 Jan 12:13:1095839.
doi: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1095839. eCollection 2022.

Triple negative breast cancer: Immunogenicity, tumor microenvironment, and immunotherapy

Sotiris Loizides  1 , Anastasia Constantinidou  1   2   3
Affiliations
Review

Triple negative breast cancer: Immunogenicity, tumor microenvironment, and immunotherapy

Sotiris Loizides et al. Front Genet. .

Abstract

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a biologically diverse subtype of breast cancer characterized by genomic and transcriptional heterogeneity and exhibiting aggressive clinical behaviour and poor prognosis. In recent years, emphasis has been placed on the identification of mechanisms underlying the complex genomic and biological profile of TNBC, aiming to tailor treatment strategies. High immunogenicity, specific immune activation signatures, higher expression of immunosuppressive genes and higher levels of stromal Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes, constitute some of the key elements of the immune driven landscape associated with TNBC. The unprecedented response of TNBC to immunotherapy has undoubtedly changed the standard of care in this disease both in the early and the metastatic setting. However, the extent of interplay between immune infiltration and mutational signatures in TNBC is yet to be fully unravelled. In the present review, we present clinical evidence on the immunogenicity and tumour microenvironment influence on TNBC progression and the current treatment paradigms in TNBC based on immunotherapy.

Keywords: PD-L1 expression; TIL (tumor infiltrating lymphocytes); immunotherapy; triple negative breast cancer; tumor microenvironment.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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