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. 2023 Jan 23:19:197-207.
doi: 10.2147/NDT.S392672. eCollection 2023.

Long-Term Effects of Anxiety on the Metabolic Control of Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Results from the CAIPaDi Cohort Study

Alejandra Monserrat Rodríguez-Ramírez  1 , María Teresa Alcántara-Garcés  1 , Sergio Hernández-Jiménez  1 , Ana Cristina García-Ulloa  1 , Denise Arcila-Martínez  1 , Héctor Velázquez-Jurado  1 , Rodrigo Eduardo Arizmendi-Rodríguez  1 ; study group CAIPaDi
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Long-Term Effects of Anxiety on the Metabolic Control of Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Results from the CAIPaDi Cohort Study

Alejandra Monserrat Rodríguez-Ramírez et al. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. .

Abstract

Introduction: Anxiety disorders (AXD) are among the most prevalent mental health conditions in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Previous data have established an association of other psychiatric conditions with poor metabolic control and increased odds of diabetes-related complications. Nonetheless, follow-up information about the effects of AXD on the metabolic control of patients with TD2 is still limited.

Objective: Evaluate the effects of AXD on the metabolic parameters of patients with T2D over 12 months of follow-up in a multidisciplinary comprehensive care model.

Methods: Prospective study of T2D subjects enrolled in a comprehensive care program with follow-up at 3 and 12 months of treatment. Patients were assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). We registered clinical and metabolic characteristics from each visit. Metabolic parameters over time were analyzed with a mixed model of repeated measures using AXD and time as interaction variables.

Results: Our sample included 2703 patients at baseline, and 1161 (43%) subjects continued the follow-up at 12 months. The AXD group had more females, lower age, and fewer years of formal education compared with subjects without AXD at baseline, 3 and 12 months. Patients with AXD also reported higher mean fasting glucose at three months, and higher HbA1c at three and 12 months. Our MMRM for HbA1c reported significant differences over time in subjects with and without AXD. The differences in means between groups increased from 0.17% at three months to 0.31% at 12 months. The variables from the HADS anxiety score, sex, age, years of diagnosis, and insulin treatment were also associated with HbA1c parameters over time.

Conclusion: Patients with AXD had the worst glycemic control at 3 and 12 months of follow-up. HbA1c differences in patients with AXD compared with non-AXD subjects increases over time in association with anxiety symptoms.

Keywords: anxiety; diabetes care; glycemic control; psychiatric comorbidity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of patient’s follow-up.
Figure 2
Figure 2
HbA1c levels of patients with and without anxiety disorders through 12 months of follow-up.
None
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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