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Review
. 2023 Jan 11:10:1044927.
doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1044927. eCollection 2022.

Polymer Grafting and its chemical reactions

Priyank Purohit  1 , Akanksha Bhatt  1 , Ravi K Mittal  2 , Magda H Abdellattif  3 , Thoraya A Farghaly  4
Affiliations
Review

Polymer Grafting and its chemical reactions

Priyank Purohit et al. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. .

Abstract

Polymer grafting is a technique to improve the morphology, chemical, and physical properties of the polymer. This technique has the potential to improve the existing conduction and properties of polymers other than charge transport; as a result, it enhances the solubility, nano-dimensional morphology, biocompatibility, bio-communication, and other property of parent polymer. A polymer's physicochemical properties can be modified even further by creating a copolymer with another polymer or by grafting. Here in the various chemical approaches for polymer grafting, like free radical, click reaction, amide formation, and alkylation have been discussed with their importance, moreover the process and its importance are covered comprehensively with their scientific explanation. The present review also covers the effectiveness of the graft-to approaches and its application in various fields, which will give reader a glimpse about polymer grafting and its uses.

Keywords: azide-alkyne cycloaddition; click chemistry; drug polymer interaction; grafting; polymerization.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Strategies of polymer grafting: grafting to, grafting from and grafting through.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Grafting’ and “grafting polymers.”
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Example of graft copolymer PLL (20)-g[3.5]-PEG (2)/PEGbiotin(3.4)50% from commercially existing constituents.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Overview of grafting technique.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Types of Free-radical polymerization methods.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Example of free radical polymerization.
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
Usage of click reactions for polymerization and polymer modification.
FIGURE 8
FIGURE 8
Example of click reactions and their use.
FIGURE 9
FIGURE 9
One to three dipolar cycloaddition reactions.
FIGURE 10
FIGURE 10
General example of the use of click chemistry (Tasdelen et al., 2011)
FIGURE 11
FIGURE 11
General procedure for constructing poly(3-hexylthiophene-)-related rod-coil graft copolymer through CuAAC.
FIGURE 12
FIGURE 12
Polymerization/polymer grafting through bromination.
FIGURE 13
FIGURE 13
Summary of chain transfer for cellulose grafting (FG, Functional Group, Cell: Cellulose).
FIGURE 14
FIGURE 14
Cationic graft copolymerization Mechanism of cellulose with isobutylene.
FIGURE 15
FIGURE 15
Organic acid-catalyzed ROP from cellulose fiber.
FIGURE 16
FIGURE 16
Grafting of gelatin (G) with antioxidant (Ascorbic acid) molecules.
FIGURE 17
FIGURE 17
Photo-polymerization method set up of interlayer films.
FIGURE 18
FIGURE 18
General method of surface grafting.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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