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. 2022 Aug 1;27(1):e130-e137.
doi: 10.1055/s-0042-1749392. eCollection 2023 Jan.

Computed Tomography Evaluation of the Paranasal Sinuses in Adults with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

Diogo Barreto Plantier  1 , Renata R M Pilan  1 , Rodrigo Athanazio  2 , Mary Anne K Olm  3 , Eloisa M S Gebrim  4 , Richard Louis Voegels  1
Affiliations

Computed Tomography Evaluation of the Paranasal Sinuses in Adults with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

Diogo Barreto Plantier et al. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. .

Abstract

Introduction Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a rare inherited disease that results in a malfunction of mucociliary clearance and sinonasal complaints. Aplasia/hypoplasia of the frontal and sphenoid sinuses has been described as more frequent in this population. However, to date, no studies have provided a detailed description of computed tomography findings in adult patients with a diagnosis of this condition. Objective To describe the computed tomography (CT) findings of adult patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia. Methods Retrospective observational study of adult patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia who underwent CT. Results Twenty-one adults were included in the study. Aplasia occurred in 38.1% of frontal sinuses and in 14.3% of sphenoid sinuses. Likewise, hypoplasia occurred in 47.6% of the frontal sinuses, in 54.8% of the sphenoid sinuses and in 40.5% of the maxillary sinuses. Furthermore, trabecular loss was identified in 61.9% ethmoidal sinuses. The mean Lund-Mackay score was 13.5. In addition, 9.5% of the patients had concha bullosa, 47.6% had marked bilateral inferior turbinate hypertrophy, 38.1% had marked middle turbinate hypertrophy, and 47.6% had marked septal deviation. Finally, we identified images suggestive of fungus ball, mucocele, osteoma, a possible antrochoanal polyp, and frontal bone erosions. Conclusion The present study provides a detailed description of CT findings in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia. We also describe abnormalities that must be identified for safer surgical planning and that suggest a diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia if found in patients with a consistent clinical picture.

Keywords: Kartagener syndrome; aplasia; computed tomography scanner; paranasal sinuses; primary ciliary dyskinesia.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interests The authors declare that there are no competing financial or nonfinancial interest and there are no personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
( A ) Aplasia of sphenoid sinuses. ( B ) Hypoplasia of sphenoid sinus. ( C ) Fully developed spenoid sinus.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
( A ) Hypoplastic maxillary sinuses. ( B ) Right frontal sinus aplasia and left frontal sinus hypoplasia.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Images suggestive of: ( A ) Left frontal sinus fungal ball. ( B ) Left ethmoid sinus osteoma (arrow). ( C ) Left maxillary sinus antrochoanal polyp (*) and a right maxillary sinus cyst (arrow). ( D ) Left ethmoid sinus mucocele (*).
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Images suggestive of: ( A ) Left frontal sinus with posterior table erosion (arrowhead) and right frontal sinus with floor erosion (arrow). ( B ) Right frontal sinus with floor erosion (arrow). ( C ) Left frontal sinus with posterior table erosion (arrow).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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