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. 2022 Dec 6;7(45):e202203290.
doi: 10.1002/slct.202203290. Epub 2022 Dec 1.

Alcohol-based Hand Sanitizers amid COVID-19: Chemical Formulation, Analysis, Safety

Monarul Islam  1   2 , Khondoker Shahin Ahmed  1 , Rezaul Karim  1 , Bikash Dev Nath  1   3 , Shyama Prosad Moulick  1 , Rashedul Islam  1 , Sharkar Md Mahmudul Hassan  1 , Hemayet Hossain  1   2 , Mohammad Moniruzzaman  1   2 , M Sarwar Jahan  1 , Aftab Ali Shaikh  4   5 , Paris E Georghiou  6
Affiliations

Alcohol-based Hand Sanitizers amid COVID-19: Chemical Formulation, Analysis, Safety

Monarul Islam et al. ChemistrySelect. .

Abstract

Alcohol-based hand sanitizers (ABHSs) containing ethanol (EtOH) or isopropyl alcohol (IPA) to inactivate microorganisms help prevent the spread of respiratory diseases. These products have become very popular during the COVID-19 pandemic. Apart from vaccines or other preventative antiseptic measures, the majority of consumers have relied on different types of ABHSs to disinfect their hands. As a result, there has been a global rush in the demand for these ABHSs and other antiseptic hygiene products. This has resulted in the formation of many new commercial sanitizer producers. There are around fifty companies of varying sizes that have been marketing their ABHSs in Bangladesh, most of which have only been manufacturing their products for the first time since the COVID-19 pandemic. To monitor the quality and components of these products, the Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) analyzed approximately 200 different hand sanitizer samples using GC-FID method. All samples were alcohol-based except for 3 which were alcohol-free aqueous hand sanitizers. Of the supplied formulated ABHSs, 80 samples were found to contain only IPA and 54 contained only EtOH. However, 28 samples were found to be contaminated with methanol (MeOH), 7 samples contained only MeOH and 18 samples contained both EtOH and IPA. This is the first study to explore the analysis of alcohol content in formulated ABHSs and their marketing status in Bangladesh, but the findings could be of use in other jurisdictions as similar issues have been raised in many parts of the world.

Keywords: Alcohol; COVID-19; GC-FID; Hand rub; Hand sanitizer; WHO guideline.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Plausible interaction to inhibit pathogens growth by ABHS.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Comparative analysis of different alcohols found in the supplied ABSHs.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Different forms of ABHSs formulated products analyzed at BCSIR.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Percentage of ethanol in ethanol‐containing hand sanitizers.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Percentage of IPA in IPA‐containing hand sanitizers.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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