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Review
. 2023 Jan 26;388(4):344-356.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMra2212877.

Antiretroviral Therapy and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in People Living with HIV

Ahizechukwu C Eke  1 , Mark Mirochnick  1 , Shahin Lockman  1
Affiliations
Review

Antiretroviral Therapy and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in People Living with HIV

Ahizechukwu C Eke et al. N Engl J Med. .
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Possible Mechanisms for Adverse Fetal and Birth Outcomes in Pregnant Persons Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Who Are Receiving Protease Inhibitors.
The data on low progesterone levels are from Papp et al.,, and the data on drug interactions are from Kearney et al. ART denotes antiretroviral therapy, and TDF tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. Proposed Theories to Explain Excessive Weight Gain in Pregnant Persons Living with HIV Who Are Receiving ART.
The proposed theories are from Gorwood et al. (adipose-tissue effect), Vakili et al. (loss of metabolically beneficial adipose-tissue macrophages), Guaraldi et al. (improved fat quality), McMahon et al. (antagonistic in vitro effect of ART on melanocortin 4 receptor [MC4R] at very high plasma levels), Eckard et al. (altered caloric intake or metabolic rate), Guaraldi et al. (physical inactivity, low CD4:CD8 ratio, and higher initial weight), Shah et al. (inhibition of weight gain), and Minami et al. (pharmacogenomics).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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