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Review
. 2022 Dec 28;14(12):e33072.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.33072. eCollection 2022 Dec.

A Systematic Review of Fibonacci Sequence in the Human Abdominal Wall: Facts and Reality

Chetna Ravindra  1 , Vinayak Rengan  2 , Ramana B  3   4
Affiliations
Review

A Systematic Review of Fibonacci Sequence in the Human Abdominal Wall: Facts and Reality

Chetna Ravindra et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

The Fibonacci sequence is undoubtedly found in nature such as in the spiral of galaxies and flower petals. Fibonacci numbers are a sequence in which each number is the sum of the two preceding ones. The ratio of two consecutive Fibonacci numbers, also called the golden proportion, approximately equals 1.618. We analyzed the existence of Fibonacci numbers and golden ratios in the field of hernia and abdominal wall reconstruction. We found substantial evidence of the use of the golden ratio in siting of the umbilicus. The Fibonacci numbers also showed up frequently in the anatomy of the abdominal wall. However, this was not as appropriate as the other instances in the human body or in nature.

Keywords: abdominal wall reconsruction; descriptive anatomy; functional anatomy; hernia; umbilicus.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flowchart.
PRISMA 2020 flowchart showing study selection [11].
Figure 2
Figure 2. Golden ratio in the positioning of the umbilicus.
The illustration is created by the author (C. Ravindra) of this study.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Representation of the Fibonacci calipers.
The illustration is created by the author (C. Ravindra) of this study.
Figure 4
Figure 4. Section of the abdominal wall below the arcuate line.
The illustration is created by the author (C. Ravindra) of this study.
Figure 5
Figure 5. Preperitoneal space and preperitoneal fascia.
The illustration is created by the author (C. Ravindra) of this study.
Figure 6
Figure 6. Triangle of doom and triangle of pain.
The illustration is created by the author (C. Ravindra) of this study.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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