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. 2023 Jan 17;28(1):15.
doi: 10.31083/j.fbl2801015.

Endotoxin-Free Stx2B-C-CPE Vaccine and Its Optimized Adjuvant Regimen for Preventing Food Poisoning

Koji Hosomi  1   2 , Atsushi Shimoyama  3   4 , Atsushi Hinenoya  5 , Noritoshi Hatanaka  5 , Takafumi Noguchi  6 , Hirotaka Ebina  6 , Yoko Tojima  1   2 , Mari Furuta  1   2 , Masuo Kondoh  7   8 , Hiroshi Kiyono  9   10 , Shinji Yamasaki  5 , Koichi Fukase  3   4 , Jun Kunisawa  1   2   3   7   11   12   13   14   15
Affiliations

Endotoxin-Free Stx2B-C-CPE Vaccine and Its Optimized Adjuvant Regimen for Preventing Food Poisoning

Koji Hosomi et al. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). .

Abstract

Background: Clostridium perfringens and Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are common causes of food poisoning. We previously demonstrated the efficacy of Stx2B-C-CPE, a fusion protein of the C-terminal region of C. perfringens enterotoxin (C-CPE) and Shiga toxin 2 B subunit (Stx2B), as a bivalent vaccine against C. perfringens and STEC infections.

Methods: Here, we applied an E. coli expression system and Triton X-114 phase separation to prepare tag- and endotoxin-free Stx2B-C-CPE for use in vaccine formulations.

Results: As we anticipated, endotoxin removal from the purified antigen reduced both Stx2B- and C-CPE-specific IgG antibody responses in subcutaneously immunized mice, suggesting that endotoxin contamination influences the immunological assessment of Stx2B-C-CPE. However, the combined use of aluminum and Alcaligenes lipid A adjuvants improved IgG antibody responses to the injected antigen, thus indicating the suitability of purified Stx2B-C-CPE for vaccine formulation.

Conclusions: Our current findings provide important knowledge regarding the design of an effective commercial Stx2B-C-CPE vaccine.

Keywords: Alcaligenes; Clostridium perfringens; STEC; adjuvant; endotoxin; lipid A; vaccine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors of this manuscript have the following potential conflicts of interest: T. Noguchi and H. Ebina are employees of BIKEN (Osaka, Japan). Other authors declare no competing interests.

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