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. 2023 Jan 23:2023:2623317.
doi: 10.1155/2023/2623317. eCollection 2023.

The Expression of ARMCX1 in Gastric Cancer Contributes to Prognosis and Influences Chemotherapy

Changheng Lv  1   2 , Di Yang  1   2 , Donghu Zhang  2 , Jiajia Shen  1 , Zechen Wang  1 , Siyuan He  1 , Lingzhang Meng  1   3 , Jian Song  1   3 , Jingjie Zhao  4
Affiliations

The Expression of ARMCX1 in Gastric Cancer Contributes to Prognosis and Influences Chemotherapy

Changheng Lv et al. J Immunol Res. .

Abstract

The altered expression of ARMCX1 in patients with gastric cancer has been reported frequently, yet its correlation to prognosis and chemotherapy needs to be unveiled. In combination of the gene expression data retrieved from TCGA database and bioinformatic analysis, this study discovered 590 differentially expressed genes in the cancerous biopsies isolated from gastric patients, compared with controls. Among which, ARMCX1 exhibited great potential to serve as a prognostic biomarker for gastric patients; furthermore, patients with low expression of ARMCX1 could be more sensitive to these 9 chemotherapeutic agents: A-770041, AMG-706, ATRA, BEZ235, bortezomib, CGP60474, dasatinib, HG-64-1, and pazopanib, rather than the other chemotherapeutic agents. This study helps the improvement of evaluating the prognosis of gastric cancer patients, and would help optimize chemotherapeutic strategies in consideration of the expression of ARMCX1.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that this research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as potential conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
GC biopsies exhibited lower expression of ARMCX1. (a) ARMCX1 expression in various cancerous tissues. (b, c) ARMCX1 expression in The Cancer Genome Atlas database compared with that in normal tissue. (d, e) Immunohistochemistry staining showed ARMCX1 protein in GC tissue. (f) Contour plots showed the expression of ARMCX1 in gastric cancer biopsies compared with paracarcinoma controls. (g) Statistical analysis of the expression level of ARMCX1 in gastric cancer biopsies compared with paracarcinoma controls. ∗∗p < 0.01. Each dot represents one readout. Nonparametric test. (h) Correlation between ARMCX1 and clinicopathological data of patients with GC.
Figure 2
Figure 2
ARMCX1 expression could potentially serve as a prognostic marker. (a) Correlation between ARMCX1 expression and overall survival (OS). (b) Correlation between ARMCX1 expression and PFS. (c) Multivariate analysis of overall survival. (d) Univariate analysis of overall survival. (e) The total nomogram point of each patient can be used to predict the probability of survival at 1, 3, and 5 years.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Pathway analysis between high and low expression of ARMCX1 in GC patients. (a) Heat maps of the DEGs between the high and low ARMCX1 expression groups. (b) Bubble diagram of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes mechanism analysis. (c) GO analysis of the DEGs between the high and low ARMCX1 expression groups. (d) Significant pathways identified by GSEA analysis.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Comparison of tumor microenvironments between GC patients with high and low ARMCX1 expression. (a) Difference in tumor microenvironment score between the high and low ARMCX1 groups. (b) Immune infiltration by 22 immune cell types in patients with GC exhibiting high and low ARMCX1 expression. (c) Correlation between ARMCX1 gene expression and immune cell infiltration. (d) Correlation of ARMCX1 expression with immune checkpoint gene expression. Red and green represent positive and negative correlations, respectively. (e) Correlations between ARMCX1 gene and tumor mutation burden (p < 2.2e − 16, R = −0.43).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Influence of ARMCX1 on chemotherapy against GC. ARMCX1 influenced chemotherapy induced by different drugs in GC patients.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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