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. 2023 Jan 16:13:1101171.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1101171. eCollection 2022.

Effect of boron deficiency on the photosynthetic performance of sugar beet cultivars with contrasting boron efficiencies

Xin Song  1 , Baiquan Song  1 , Jialu Huo  1 , Huajun Liu  2 , Muhammad Faheem Adil  3 , Qiue Jia  1 , Wenyu Wu  1 , Abudukadier Kuerban  2 , Yan Wang  1 , Wengong Huang  4
Affiliations

Effect of boron deficiency on the photosynthetic performance of sugar beet cultivars with contrasting boron efficiencies

Xin Song et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

Boron (B) deficiency severely affects the quality of sugar beet production, and the employment of nutrient-efficient varieties for cultivation is a crucial way to solve environmental and resource-based problems. However, the aspect of leaf photosynthetic performance among B-efficient sugar beet cultivars remains uncertain. The B deficient and B-sufficient treatments were conducted in the experiment using KWS1197 (B-efficient) and KWS0143 (B-inefficient) sugar beet cultivars as study materials. The objective of the present study was to determine the impacts of B deficiency on leaf phenotype, photosynthetic capacity, chloroplast structure, and photochemical efficiency of the contrasting B-efficiency sugar beet cultivars. The results indicated that the growth of sugar beet leaves were dramatically restricted, the net photosynthetic rate was significantly decreased, and the energy flux, quantum yield, and flux ratio of PSII reaction centers were adversely affected under B deficiency. Compared to the KWS0143 cultivar, the average leaf area ratio of the KWS1197 cultivar experienced less impact, and its leaf mass ratio (LMR) increased by 26.82% under B deficiency, whereas for the KWS0143 cultivar, the increase was only 2.50%. Meanwhile, the light energy capture and utilization capacity of PSII reaction centers and the proportion of absorbed light energy used for electron transfer were higher by 3.42% under B deficiency; KWS1197 cultivar managed to alleviate the photo-oxidative damage, which results from excessive absorbed energy (ABS/RC), by increasing the dissipated energy (DIo/RC). Therefore, in response to B deprivation, the KWS1197 cultivar demonstrated greater adaptability in terms of morphological indices and photosynthetic functions, which not only explains the improved performance but also renders the measured parameters as the key features for varietal selection, providing a theoretical basis for the utilization of efficient sugar beet cultivars in future.

Keywords: Beta vulgaris L.; boron deprivation; chlorophyll fluorescence; gas exchange indices; ultrastructure.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effect of different B levels on growth paraments of two contrasting sugar beet cultivars (B-efficient: KWS1197(H) and B-inefficient: KWS0143 (L) cultivar). LMR is leaf mass ratio (A). SBR is supporting organ biomass ratio (B). LMF is leaf mass fraction (C). RGR is relative growth ratio (D). NAR is net assimilation ratio (E). LARm is mean leaf area ratio (F). Different letters (a, b, c) within a column represent significant differences at P<0.05. The seedlings were treated with B deficient (0.1 μM H3BO3, B0.1) and B sufficient (50 μM H3BO3, B50).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of photosynthesis parameters in KWS1197 and KWS0143 cultivars. The seedlings were treated with B deficient (0.1 μM H3BO3, B0.1) and B sufficient (50 μM H3BO3, B50). Pn is the net photosynthetic rate (A), Tr is the transpiration rate (B), Gs is the stomatal conductance (C), Ci is the intercellular CO2 concentration (D) and WUE is the water use efficiency (E). Different lowercase letters (a, b, c) indicated significant differences between different treatment. Bars denote the mean (n=3) and error bars the standard error.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effect of chlorophyll pigments in KWS1197 and KWS0143 cultivars. The seedlings were treated with B deficient (0.1 μM H3BO3, B0.1) and B sufficient (50 μM H3BO3, B50) treatments. The chlorophyll pigments include the content of chlorophyll a (A), chlorophyll b (B) carotenoid (D) and the ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b (C). Different lowercase letters (a, b, c) indicated significant differences between different treatments. Bars denote the mean (n=3) and standard error bars.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Changes in the subcellular structure of leaves of contrasting B efficiency sugar beet cultivars. The seedlings were treated with B deficient (0.1 μM H3BO3, B0.1) treatment in HB0.1 (A) and LB0.1 (C) and B sufficient (50 μM H3BO3, B50) treatments in HB50 (B) and LB50 (D). Chl, Chloroplast; M, Mitochondrion; SG, Starch Granule.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The effect of OJIP curve (A), Vt (B), ΔVt: the difference of Vt (C), Wk (D), ΔWk: the difference of Wk (E) and (Ft-FI)/(FI-F0) (F) of KWS1197(H) and KWS0143 (L) cultivars. The seedlings were treated with B deficient (0.1 μM H3BO3, B0.1) and B sufficient (50 μM H3BO3, B50) treatments.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Relationships between parameters describing fluorescence and yield of photosystem II in KW1197(H) and KWS0143(L)cultivars. The seedlings were treated with B deficient (0.1 μM H3BO3, B0.1) and B sufficient (50 μM H3BO3, B50) treatments. The parameters of the energy flux of the PSII reaction center of reducible QA (A), quantum yield and flux ratio (B), phenomenological flux per unit leaf section (t= tFM) (C) and performance index (D). Values are means (n=9) after standardization.
Figure 7
Figure 7
PCA of plant measured factors. (A) Loading plot, (B) correlation matrix. The plants were exposed to B deficient (0.1 μM H3BO3, B0.1) and B sufficient (50 μM H3BO3, B50) treatments.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Photosynthetic physiological mechanism of efficient B utilization in seedling leaves of sugar beet cultivars.
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