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Comment
. 2023 Feb;71(2):653-656.
doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1810_22.

Eyeball simulator for extraocular muscles

Anjali Khadia  1 , Dharmeswari Thangaraju  2 , Isha Gupta  2 , Fredrick Mouttappa  1 , K Veena  1 , Venkatesh Rengaraj  3 , Yamini Kumaresan  2 , R Poorani  2 , Vinitha S John  2
Affiliations
Comment

Eyeball simulator for extraocular muscles

Anjali Khadia et al. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2023 Feb.

Abstract

Learning about human eye movements broadens our comprehension of the visuomotor system and aids in the effective management of strabismus. One's clinical practice is improved by a dynamic simulation of human eye movements using physical models of the extraocular muscles (EOMs). We use our eyeball model to teach the basics of strabismus to undergraduate students and ophthalmology residents. In Listing's plane, extraocular movements of each muscle and the angle demonstration are being used to familiarize students with their knowledge. The degree of the residents' understanding of strabismus is significantly influenced by the eyeball strabismus simulator. This model is an inexpensive, Do It Yourself (DIY) model that is simple to build.

Keywords: Extraocular movements; simulation; strabismus.

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Conflict of interest statement

None

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) The materials required for our eyeball model. (b) Assembled model of eyeball with muscles marked within it. IO = inferior oblique, IR = inferior rectus, LR = lateral rectus, MR = medial rectus, SO = superior oblique, SR = superior rectus
Figure 2
Figure 2
The muscle plane perpendicular to the horizontal muscle, which is parallel to the X-axis. Muscle action will be along the Z-axis
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) The X-, Y-, and Z-axes, with wooden skewers placed along the horizontal, anteroposterior, and vertical axes, respectively. All three are made to meet at the center of rotation. (b) Listing’s plane with the axes. Listing’s plane is the plane that is parallel to the X- and Z-axes and perpendicular to the Y-axis
Figure 4
Figure 4
Picture depicting horizontal muscle sharing a common muscle plane of X-axis and Y-axis, so that the axis of rotation is only along the Z-axis
Figure 5
Figure 5
EOM of SR muscle: (a) In the primary position, (b) on abduction 23°, (c) acts as a pure elevator and (d) on adduction 67°, (e) acts as a pure intorter with minimal elevation. EOM = extraocular muscle, SR = superior rectus
Figure 6
Figure 6
Demonstration of angles: (a) angle gamma, (b) angle alpha, and (c) angle kappa. Arrow points represent the points of intersection
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment on

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