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. 2023 Feb;17(1):156-159.
doi: 10.14444/8391. Epub 2023 Feb 2.

Spine Surgery in the Chilean Public Health System

Álvaro Dowling  1 , Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski  2
Affiliations

Spine Surgery in the Chilean Public Health System

Álvaro Dowling et al. Int J Spine Surg. 2023 Feb.
No abstract available

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Conflicting Interests: This manuscript is not meant for or intended to endorse any products or push any other agenda other than the clinical utilization data associated with the presented research. The authors declare no conflict of interest, and there was no personal circumstance or interest that may be perceived as inappropriately influencing the representation or interpretation of reported research results. This research was not compiled to enrich anyone. It was merely intended to highlight the common problems encountered in community spine care in Chile.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Illustrative tree map of causes and disease burden expressed in years lived with disability (YLDs) comparing 2019 data from Chile and the United States for all genders and ages. The Chilean YLDs for low back pain were 7.7% of total YLDs (6.37%–9.16%) with an annual change rate of −0.83%. The US 2019 low back pain percentages were 10.38% of total disability-adjusted life years (9.38%–12.1%) with an annual change rate of 0.077%. The 2019 YLDs numbers were 5697152.11 (4114138.91–7474689.77) for the United States and 166912.76 (570421.30–435002.97) for Chile. Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). Used with permission. All rights reserved. A fib, atrial fibrillation; ASD, autism spectrum disorder; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; IHD, ischemic heart disease; MS, multiple sclerosis; MSK, musculoskeletal; Oth, other; URI, upper respiratory infection; PEM, post-exertional malaise.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Comparative ranking of disease groups expressed in years lived with disability (YLDs) per 100,000 comparing 1990 with 2019 data from Chile for all genders and ages. There was a 33.7% increase in YLDs of musculoskeletal disorders from 1990 to 2019. They were ranked as the number 1 condition with the highest 2019 YLDs numbers: 2658.78 (1896.19–3543.16). Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Used with permission. All rights reserved. CKD, chronic kidney disease; inj, injury; NTDs, neglected tropical diseases; inj, injury; STIs, sexually transmitted infections; TB, tuberculosis.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Changes in developmental assistance for health (DAH) by region to 2020 show an increase from $620 million to $2.5 billion in 2010. After 2010, DAH resources were shifted to sub-Saharan Africa with an absolute increase of $1.7 billion in 2018. During the same time frame, DAH spending in Latin-American countries decreased by $1.2 billion. Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Used with permission. All rights reserved.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Flows of developmental assistance for health (DAH) spent in 2018 by region are shown. Total dollars spent for all sources, channels, and health focus areas were $39 billion. Only $1.3 billion (4.22% of DAH) was allocated to Latin-American and Caribbean countries. The majority of DAH dollars went to Sub-Saharan Africa ($10 billion; 26.51%). Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Used with permission. All rights reserved. NGOs, nongovernmental organizations; CEPI, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Flows of development assistance for health (DAH) globally in 2020 are shown. Total dollars spent for all sources, channels, and health focus areas were $55 billion. The majority of DAH spending was for infectious diseases: HIV/AIDS, $9 billion (16.37%); other infectious diseases, $16 billion (28.65%); malaria, $2.3 billion (4.14%); and tuberculosis, $1.5 billion (2.78%). Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Used with permission. All rights reserved. NGOs, nongovernmental organizations; CEPI, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations; HSS, health systems strengthening; SWAP, sector-wide approaches.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Chile’s leading medical institutions include the Instituto Traumatológico (top left), the University of Chile Medical School (top right), and the Medical School of the Universidad Catolica (bottom).
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